महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-77, verse-44

आपतद्भिस्तु तैस्तत्र प्रभग्नं तावकं बलम् ।
संचुक्षुभे महाराज वातैरिव महार्णवः ॥४४॥

44. āpatadbhistu taistatra prabhagnaṁ tāvakaṁ balam ,
saṁcukṣubhe mahārāja vātairiva mahārṇavaḥ.

44. āpatadbhiḥ tu taiḥ tatra prabhagnam tāvakam
balam saṃcukṣubhe mahārāja vātaiḥ iva mahārṇavaḥ

44. mahārāja,
tu taiḥ āpatadbhiḥ tatra prabhagnam tāvakam balam vātaiḥ mahārṇavaḥ iva saṃcukṣubhe.

44. But by those [enemies] who attacked there, O great king, your army, which was already broken, became greatly agitated, just like a mighty ocean stirred by winds.

Words meanings summery:

• आपतद्भिः (āpatadbhiḥ) - by those falling upon, by those attacking

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• तैः (taiḥ) - by them

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - broken, routed, defeated

• तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, relating to you

• बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

• संचुक्षुभे (saṁcukṣubhe) - was greatly agitated, was perturbed

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• वातैः (vātaiḥ) - by winds

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• महार्णवः (mahārṇavaḥ) - great ocean, mighty sea

Words meanings and morphology

आपतद्भिः (āpatadbhiḥ) - by those falling upon, by those attacking

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of āpatat

āpatat - falling upon, attacking, approaching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall) with prefix 'ā-'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

तैः (taiḥ) - by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

प्रभग्नम् (prabhagnam) - broken, routed, defeated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prabhagna

prabhagna - broken, defeated, routed, shattered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'bhañj' (to break) with prefix 'pra-'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

तावकम् (tāvakam) - your, relating to you

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tāvaka

tāvaka - your, thine

Note: Possessive adjective derived from 'tvad' (you).

बलम् (balam) - army, force, strength

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army, host

संचुक्षुभे (saṁcukṣubhe) - was greatly agitated, was perturbed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṣubh

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣubh (class 1)

Note: Intensive form of root 'kṣubh' (to agitate), with prefix 'sam-' (completely, together).

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

वातैः (vātaiḥ) - by winds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vāta

vāta - wind, air

Root: vā (class 2)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

महार्णवः (mahārṇavaḥ) - great ocean, mighty sea

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahārṇava

mahārṇava - great ocean, vast sea

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+arṇava)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• arṇava – ocean, sea, wave
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 3)