महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-187, verse-22

एवं द्वादश वर्षाणि तापयामास रोदसी ।
निवर्त्यमानापि तु सा ज्ञातिभिर्नैव शक्यते ॥२२॥

22. evaṁ dvādaśa varṣāṇi tāpayāmāsa rodasī ,
nivartyamānāpi tu sā jñātibhirnaiva śakyate.

22. evam dvādaśa varṣāṇi tāpayāmāsa rodasī
nivartyamānā api tu sā jñātibhiḥ na eva śakyate

22. evam sā dvādaśa varṣāṇi rodasī tāpayāmāsa.
tu jñātibhiḥ nivartyamānā api sā na eva śakyate

22. Thus, for twelve years, she tormented both heaven and earth. But even while her relatives tried to dissuade her, she could not be turned back (from her resolve).

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

• वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

• तापयामास (tāpayāmāsa) - she tormented (the worlds) (she heated, she tormented, she caused to suffer)

• रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (the two worlds)

• निवर्त्यमाना (nivartyamānā) - being dissuaded, being turned back, being brought back

• अपि (api) - even, also, though

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• सा (sā) - she

• ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen

• न (na) - not

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• शक्यते (śakyate) - can be compelled/dissuaded (from her resolve) (is able, can be, is possible)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

द्वादश (dvādaśa) - twelve

(numeral)

Compound type : dvandva (dvi+daśan)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• daśan – ten
  numeral

Note: Adjective modifying `varṣāṇi`.

वर्षाणि (varṣāṇi) - years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, region

Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates duration.

तापयामास (tāpayāmāsa) - she tormented (the worlds) (she heated, she tormented, she caused to suffer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of tāpayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect (causative)

Periphrastic perfect form of causative root `tāpaya` (from `tap`) + `āmāsa`.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Refers to the implied subject (Parvati).

रोदसी (rodasī) - heaven and earth (the two worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, dual of rodasī

rodasī - heaven and earth (dual), the two worlds

Dual form derived from `rodas`.

Root: rud

Note: Object of `tāpayāmāsa`.

निवर्त्यमाना (nivartyamānā) - being dissuaded, being turned back, being brought back

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nivartyamāna

nivartyamāna - being turned back, being stopped, being dissuaded

Present Passive Participle

From root `vṛt` with prefix `ni` and `śānac` suffix (passive form).

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the implied subject (Parvati).

अपि (api) - even, also, though

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a contrasting statement.

सा (sā) - she

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

Note: Subject of the second clause.

ज्ञातिभिः (jñātibhiḥ) - by relatives, by kinsmen

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jñāti

jñāti - kinsman, relative, family

From root `jñā` (to know).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agent in passive construction (`śakyate`).

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शक्यते (śakyate) - can be compelled/dissuaded (from her resolve) (is able, can be, is possible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of śak

Present Tense, Passive Voice

Present passive, 3rd person singular. Root `śak` (class 5) often used in passive (`śakyate`) to mean 'is able' or 'can be done'.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: The passive subject is `sā`.