महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-187, verse-29

तामब्रवीत्कौरवेय मम माता जलोत्थिता ।
किमर्थं क्लिश्यसे भद्रे तथ्यमेतद्ब्रवीहि मे ॥२९॥

29. tāmabravītkauraveya mama mātā jalotthitā ,
kimarthaṁ kliśyase bhadre tathyametadbravīhi me.

29. tām abravīt kauraveya mama mātā jalotthitā
kimartham kliśyase bhadre tatyam etat bravīhi me

29. bhadre kauraveya mama jalotthitā mātā tām
abravīt kimartham kliśyase etat tatyam me bravīhi

29. O virtuous one (bhadre)! The Kaurava (kauraveya), my mother (mātā) who arose from the waters, said to her, 'Why do you torment yourself? Tell me this truth.'

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - Refers to the maiden of Kāśi mentioned in the previous verse. (her, to her, that (feminine singular))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she said, spoke

• कौरवेय (kauraveya) - Could be Dhṛtarāṣṭra, or another elder Kuru figure, speaking in the narrative. (the Kaurava, descendant of Kuru)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• माता (mātā) - mother

• जलोत्थिता (jalotthitā) - This refers to Gaṅgā, the mother of Bhīṣma, who emerged from the waters. (arisen from water, born from water)

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

• क्लिश्यसे (kliśyase) - you torment yourself, you suffer, you distress yourself

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O virtuous one, O blessed one, O noble lady

• तत्यम् (tatyam) - truth, reality

• एतत् (etat) - this

• ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

• मे (me) - to me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - Refers to the maiden of Kāśi mentioned in the previous verse. (her, to her, that (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he/she said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

कौरवेय (kauraveya) - Could be Dhṛtarāṣṭra, or another elder Kuru figure, speaking in the narrative. (the Kaurava, descendant of Kuru)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kauraveya

kauraveya - a descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kuru lineage

Patronymic derived from Kuru.

Note: Subject of abravīt.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

जलोत्थिता (jalotthitā) - This refers to Gaṅgā, the mother of Bhīṣma, who emerged from the waters. (arisen from water, born from water)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jalotthita

jalotthita - risen from water, born from water

Past Passive Participle

Compound formed from jala and utthita (PPP of ut-sthā).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+utthita)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• utthita – risen, stood up, produced, born
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root sthā with prefix ut.
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies mātā.

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artham (purpose).

Compound type : dvandva (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverb of cause.

क्लिश्यसे (kliśyase) - you torment yourself, you suffer, you distress yourself

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kliś

Root kliś (4th class), here in middle voice, present tense.

Root: kliś (class 9)

भद्रे (bhadre) - O virtuous one, O blessed one, O noble lady

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - virtuous, good, blessed, auspicious, noble (feminine)

Feminine form of bhadra.

तत्यम् (tatyam) - truth, reality

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tatya

tatya - truth, reality, what is real

Related to satya.

Note: Object of bravīhi.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjective modifying tatyam.

ब्रवीहि (bravīhi) - tell, speak

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (first person pronoun)

Note: Dative of interest/possession.