महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-187, verse-14

यदैव हि वनं प्रायात्कन्या सा तपसे धृता ।
तदैव व्यथितो दीनो गतचेता इवाभवम् ॥१४॥

14. yadaiva hi vanaṁ prāyātkanyā sā tapase dhṛtā ,
tadaiva vyathito dīno gatacetā ivābhavam.

14. yadā eva hi vanam prāyāt kanyā sā tapase dhṛtā
tadā eva vyathitaḥ dīnaḥ gatacetāḥ iva abhavam

14. hi yadā eva sā kanyā tapase dhṛtā vanam prāyāt tadā
eva aham vyathitaḥ dīnaḥ gatacetāḥ iva abhavam

14. Indeed, as soon as that maiden, dedicated to asceticism (tapas), departed for the forest, at that very moment I became distressed, miserable, and as if I had lost my senses.

Words meanings summery:

• यदा (yadā) - as soon as (when, whenever)

• एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (emphasizing "as soon as") (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

• वनम् (vanam) - the forest (forest, wood)

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed (for the forest) (went forth, went, departed)

• कन्या (kanyā) - that maiden (Amba) (maiden, girl, daughter)

• सा (sā) - that (maiden) (she, that)

• तपसे (tapase) - for asceticism (tapas) (for austerity, for asceticism)

• धृता (dhṛtā) - dedicated (to asceticism) (held, borne, dedicated)

• तदा (tadā) - at that very moment (then, at that time)

• एव (eva) - precisely (emphasizing "at that moment") (only, just, indeed, precisely)

• व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, sad (miserable, poor, sad, wretched)

• गतचेताः (gatacetāḥ) - as if I had lost my senses (one whose mind has gone, distracted, distraught)

• इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

• अभवम् (abhavam) - I became (I became, I was)

Words meanings and morphology

यदा (yadā) - as soon as (when, whenever)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, precisely (emphasizing "as soon as") (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वनम् (vanam) - the forest (forest, wood)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

Note: Object of motion.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - departed (for the forest) (went forth, went, departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prā

Imperfect Active

3rd person singular, Imperfect tense, active voice, from root i (to go) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Subject is "kanyā".

कन्या (kanyā) - that maiden (Amba) (maiden, girl, daughter)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kanyā

kanyā - maiden, girl, daughter

Note: Refers to Amba.

सा (sā) - that (maiden) (she, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Qualifies "kanyā".

तपसे (tapase) - for asceticism (tapas) (for austerity, for asceticism)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, asceticism, penance (tapas)

Note: Indicates purpose.

धृता (dhṛtā) - dedicated (to asceticism) (held, borne, dedicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhṛta

dhṛta - held, borne, supported, dedicated, undertaken

Past Passive Participle

From root dhṛ (to hold, to bear)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "kanyā".

तदा (tadā) - at that very moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that)

Note: Corresponds to 'yadā'.

एव (eva) - precisely (emphasizing "at that moment") (only, just, indeed, precisely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

व्यथितः (vyathitaḥ) - distressed (distressed, troubled, agitated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyathita

vyathita - distressed, troubled, agitated, pained

Past Passive Participle

From root vyath (to tremble, to be distressed)

Root: vyath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with "aham" (implied subject of abhavam).

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, sad (miserable, poor, sad, wretched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, poor, sad, dejected, wretched

Past Passive Participle

From root dī (to decay, to be miserable)

Root: dī (class 4)

Note: Agrees with "aham" (implied subject).

गतचेताः (gatacetāḥ) - as if I had lost my senses (one whose mind has gone, distracted, distraught)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gatacetas

gatacetas - one whose mind has gone, distracted, distraught

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gata+cetas)

• gata – gone, departed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intellect, consciousness
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with "aham" (implied subject).

इव (iva) - as if (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

अभवम् (abhavam) - I became (I became, I was)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect Active

1st person singular, Imperfect tense, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is "aham" (implied).