महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-187, verse-17

न विषादस्त्वया कार्यो भीष्म काशिसुतां प्रति ।
दैवं पुरुषकारेण को निवर्तितुमुत्सहेत् ॥१७॥

17. na viṣādastvayā kāryo bhīṣma kāśisutāṁ prati ,
daivaṁ puruṣakāreṇa ko nivartitumutsahet.

17. na viṣādaḥ tvayā kāryaḥ bhīṣma kāśisutām prati
daivam puruṣakāreṇa kaḥ nivartitum utsahet

17. bhīṣma,
tvayā kāśisutām prati viṣādaḥ na kāryaḥ.
kaḥ puruṣakāreṇa daivam nivartitum utsahet?

17. O Bhīṣma, you should not feel dejection regarding the princess of Kāśi. Who would dare to avert destiny (daivam) through human effort (puruṣakāra)?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despair, sorrow

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be made

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhīṣma

• काशिसुताम् (kāśisutām) - the princess Ambā (the daughter of Kāśi, the princess of Kāśi)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, concerning, regarding

• दैवम् (daivam) - fate, destiny, divine influence

• पुरुषकारेण (puruṣakāreṇa) - by human effort, by personal exertion

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn back, to avert

• उत्सहेत् (utsahet) - might be able, should try, could dare

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विषादः (viṣādaḥ) - dejection, despair, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, sorrow, despair

From root √sad (class 1) 'to sink' with upasarga vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

कार्यः (kāryaḥ) - to be done, should be made

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kārya

kārya - what is to be done, duty, business, action, to be performed, to be made

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (class 8) 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - O Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

काशिसुताम् (kāśisutām) - the princess Ambā (the daughter of Kāśi, the princess of Kāśi)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kāśisutā

kāśisutā - daughter of Kāśi, princess of Kāśi

Tatpurusha compound: Kāśi (proper noun) + sutā (daughter)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāśi+sutā)

• kāśi – Kāśi (an ancient kingdom, modern Varanasi)
  proper noun (masculine)
• sutā – daughter
  noun (feminine)
  From root √sū 'to bear, produce'
  Root: sū (class 2)

प्रति (prati) - towards, concerning, regarding

(indeclinable)

दैवम् (daivam) - fate, destiny, divine influence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of daiva

daiva - divine, relating to gods; destiny, fate (daivam), divine will

From deva (god) + aṇ (taddhita suffix)

पुरुषकारेण (puruṣakāreṇa) - by human effort, by personal exertion

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of puruṣakāra

puruṣakāra - human effort, personal exertion, free will

Compound: puruṣa (man) + kāra (doing, making)

Compound type : tatpurusha (puruṣa+kāra)

• puruṣa – man, person, male, the supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• kāra – making, doing, action, agent
  noun (masculine)
  From root √kṛ 'to do'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

निवर्तितुम् (nivartitum) - to turn back, to avert

(verb)

infinitive of nivart

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root √vṛt (class 1 Ātmanepada, or 10 causal) 'to turn' with upasarga ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

उत्सहेत् (utsahet) - might be able, should try, could dare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of utsah

Optative mood, Ātmanepada

Third person singular optative active (ātmanepada) of root √sah (class 1) with upasarga ut-

Prefix: ut

Root: sah (class 1)