महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-15, verse-38

सुदेष्णोवाच ।
कस्त्वावधीद्वरारोहे कस्माद्रोदिषि शोभने ।
कस्याद्य न सुखं भद्रे केन ते विप्रियं कृतम् ॥३८॥

38. sudeṣṇovāca ,
kastvāvadhīdvarārohe kasmādrodiṣi śobhane ,
kasyādya na sukhaṁ bhadre kena te vipriyaṁ kṛtam.

38. sudeṣṇā uvāca kaḥ tvā avadhīt varārohe kasmāt rodiṣi
śobhane kasya adya na sukhaṃ bhadre kena te vipriyaṃ kṛtam

38. Sudeshṇā asked, "Who killed you, O woman with beautiful thighs? Why are you crying, O beautiful one? Who today lacks happiness, O gracious one? By whom has something unpleasant been done to you?"

Words meanings summery:

• सुदेष्णा (sudeṣṇā) - Sudeshṇā (name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, struck

• वरारोहे (varārohe) - O woman with beautiful hips/thighs!

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

• रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you cry, you are crying

• शोभने (śobhane) - O beautiful one!

• कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• न (na) - not, no

• सुखं (sukhaṁ) - happiness, joy

• भद्रे (bhadre) - O gracious one!, O auspicious one!

• केन (kena) - by whom

• ते (te) - your, to you, for you

• विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, harm

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

Words meanings and morphology

सुदेष्णा (sudeṣṇā) - Sudeshṇā (name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sudeṣṇā

sudeṣṇā - Sudeshṇā (name of a queen)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Liṭ) Active Voice

3rd person singular, perfect tense, active voice (parasmaipada) of the root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

त्वा (tvā) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - killed, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of han

Aorist (Luṅ) Active Voice

3rd person singular, aorist tense, active voice (parasmaipada) of the root han.

Root: han (class 2)

वरारोहे (varārohe) - O woman with beautiful hips/thighs!

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of varārohā

varārohā - woman with beautiful hips or thighs

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (vara+ārohā)

• vara – excellent, best, choicest
  adjective (masculine)
• ārohā – hip, thigh, buttock
  noun (feminine)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'.

रोदिषि (rodiṣi) - you cry, you are crying

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of rud

Present (Laṭ) Active Voice

2nd person singular, present tense, active voice (parasmaipada) of the root rud.

Root: rud (class 2)

शोभने (śobhane) - O beautiful one!

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śobhanā

śobhanā - beautiful, splendid, excellent (feminine)

कस्य (kasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सुखं (sukhaṁ) - happiness, joy

(noun)

neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, pleasure, ease

भद्रे (bhadre) - O gracious one!, O auspicious one!

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - gracious, auspicious, good, beautiful (feminine)

केन (kena) - by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

ते (te) - your, to you, for you

(pronoun)

singular of yusmad

yusmad - you

विप्रियं (vipriyaṁ) - disagreeable, unpleasant, harm

(adjective)

neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, hostile; an injury, a wrong

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vi+priya)

• vi – apart, away, against, negation
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, made

(participle)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of the root 'kṛ' (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Previous Verse Next Verse