महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-15, verse-23

मयात्र शक्यं किं कर्तुं विराटे धर्मदूषणम् ।
यः पश्यन्मां मर्षयति वध्यमानामनागसम् ॥२३॥

23. mayātra śakyaṁ kiṁ kartuṁ virāṭe dharmadūṣaṇam ,
yaḥ paśyanmāṁ marṣayati vadhyamānāmanāgasam.

23. mayā atra śakyaṃ kiṃ kartuṃ virāṭe dharmadūṣaṇam
yaḥ paśyan mām marṣayati vadhyamānām anāgasam

23. What can I do here in Virāṭa's kingdom regarding this transgression of natural law (dharma)? For he (King Virāṭa), while seeing me, an innocent woman, being tormented, tolerates it.

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by Draupadī (by me)

• अत्र (atra) - in Virāṭa's court/kingdom (here, in this place)

• शक्यं (śakyaṁ) - possible, able to be done

• किं (kiṁ) - what

• कर्तुं (kartuṁ) - to do, to make

• विराटे (virāṭe) - in Virāṭa, in Virāṭa's (kingdom/palace)

• धर्मदूषणम् (dharmadūṣaṇam) - violation of natural law (dharma), moral transgression

• यः (yaḥ) - referring to King Virāṭa (who, he who)

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, while seeing

• माम् (mām) - Draupadī (me)

• मर्षयति (marṣayati) - tolerates, endures

• वध्यमानाम् (vadhyamānām) - being tormented, being harmed, being assailed

• अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, blameless, faultless

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by Draupadī (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Refers to Draupadī

अत्र (atra) - in Virāṭa's court/kingdom (here, in this place)

(indeclinable)

शक्यं (śakyaṁ) - possible, able to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, able to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root śak (to be able) with suffix -ya.

Root: śak (class 5)

किं (kiṁ) - what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

कर्तुं (kartuṁ) - to do, to make

(verb)

infinitive of kṛ

infinitive

Infinitive form of root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

विराटे (virāṭe) - in Virāṭa, in Virāṭa's (kingdom/palace)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

धर्मदूषणम् (dharmadūṣaṇam) - violation of natural law (dharma), moral transgression

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmadūṣaṇa

dharmadūṣaṇa - violation of dharma, defilement of righteousness, moral transgression

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+dūṣaṇa)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• dūṣaṇa – polluting, corrupting, injuring, fault
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From root dūṣ (to spoil, pollute)
  Root: dūṣ (class 4)

यः (yaḥ) - referring to King Virāṭa (who, he who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, that

Note: Refers to King Virāṭa

पश्यन् (paśyan) - seeing, while seeing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing, one who sees

Present Active Participle

From root dṛś (to see), changed to paśya in present tense forms.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: modifies 'yaḥ'

माम् (mām) - Draupadī (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Refers to Draupadī

मर्षयति (marṣayati) - tolerates, endures

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of marṣayati

causative

Causative of root mṛṣ (class 1, marṣate - to bear, endure)

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

वध्यमानाम् (vadhyamānām) - being tormented, being harmed, being assailed

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vadhyamāna

vadhyamāna - being killed, being tormented, being assailed

Present Passive Participle

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill) in passive voice, present participle form.

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: modifies 'mām'

अनागसम् (anāgasam) - innocent, blameless, faultless

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of anāgas

anāgas - innocent, blameless, faultless, guiltless

From 'a-' (negation) and 'āgas' (fault, offense).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+āgas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• āgas – fault, offense, guilt
  noun (neuter)

Note: modifies 'mām'