महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-15, verse-12

अथाङ्गुष्ठेनावमृद्नादङ्गुष्ठं तस्य धर्मराट् ।
प्रबोधनभयाद्राजन्भीमस्य प्रत्यषेधयत् ॥१२॥

12. athāṅguṣṭhenāvamṛdnādaṅguṣṭhaṁ tasya dharmarāṭ ,
prabodhanabhayādrājanbhīmasya pratyaṣedhayat.

12. atha aṅguṣṭhena avamṛdnāt aṅguṣṭham tasya dharmarāṭ
prabodhanabhayāt rājan bhīmasya prati aṣedhayat

12. Then, O King, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), pressed Bhīma's thumb with his own thumb and restrained him, out of fear of rousing Bhīma (prabodhana).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - with his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) thumb (with the thumb)

• अवमृद्नात् (avamṛdnāt) - he pressed down, he squeezed

• अङ्गुष्ठम् (aṅguṣṭham) - Bhīma's thumb (the thumb)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Bhīma (his, of him, that)

• धर्मराट् (dharmarāṭ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law, king of righteousness)

• प्रबोधनभयात् (prabodhanabhayāt) - out of fear of rousing Bhīma (from his anger) (out of fear of awakening/rousing)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the narrator) (O King)

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

• प्रति (prati) - Part of the compound verb `pratiṣedhayat` (towards, against, in return)

• अषेधयत् (aṣedhayat) - he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - with his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) thumb (with the thumb)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aṅguṣṭha

aṅguṣṭha - thumb, big toe

अवमृद्नात् (avamṛdnāt) - he pressed down, he squeezed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛd

Imperfect active 3rd singular. Prefix ava- means down, away.

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛd (class 9)

अङ्गुष्ठम् (aṅguṣṭham) - Bhīma's thumb (the thumb)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṅguṣṭha

aṅguṣṭha - thumb, big toe

Note: Object of 'avamṛdnāt'.

तस्य (tasya) - of Bhīma (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīma.

धर्मराट् (dharmarāṭ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law, king of righteousness)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāj

dharmarāj - king of natural law (dharma), king of righteousness

Compound: dharma + rāj. Nom. singular is 'dharmarāṭ'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāj)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• rāj – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira.

प्रबोधनभयात् (prabodhanabhayāt) - out of fear of rousing Bhīma (from his anger) (out of fear of awakening/rousing)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of prabodhanabhaya

prabodhanabhaya - fear of awakening/rousing

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prabodhana+bhaya)

• prabodhana – awakening, rousing
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From pra-budh + lyuṭ
  Prefix: pra
  Root: budh (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the narrator) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: A form of address.

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma, terrible

Note: Relates to 'prabodhana'.

प्रति (prati) - Part of the compound verb `pratiṣedhayat` (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: It's an upasarga for `aṣedhayat`.

अषेधयत् (aṣedhayat) - he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ṣidh

Imperfect active 3rd singular, causative of sidh, with prefix prati. The root `sidh` becomes `ṣidh` after `prati` due to internal sandhi. The initial 'a' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)