महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-15, verse-12

अथाङ्गुष्ठेनावमृद्नादङ्गुष्ठं तस्य धर्मराट् ।
प्रबोधनभयाद्राजन्भीमस्य प्रत्यषेधयत् ॥१२॥

12. athāṅguṣṭhenāvamṛdnādaṅguṣṭhaṁ tasya dharmarāṭ ,
prabodhanabhayādrājanbhīmasya pratyaṣedhayat.

12. atha aṅguṣṭhena avamṛdnāt aṅguṣṭham tasya dharmarāṭ
prabodhanabhayāt rājan bhīmasya prati aṣedhayat

12. Then, O King, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king of natural law (dharma), pressed Bhīma's thumb with his own thumb and restrained him, out of fear of rousing Bhīma (prabodhana).

12. אז יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, מלך היושר, מעך את אגודלו של בְּהִימַה באגודלו, ומחשש שייחשפו, הו מלך, מנע בעדו.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - with his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) thumb (with the thumb)

• अवमृद्नात् (avamṛdnāt) - he pressed down, he squeezed

• अङ्गुष्ठम् (aṅguṣṭham) - Bhīma's thumb (the thumb)

• तस्य (tasya) - of Bhīma (his, of him, that)

• धर्मराट् (dharmarāṭ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law, king of righteousness)

• प्रबोधनभयात् (prabodhanabhayāt) - out of fear of rousing Bhīma (from his anger) (out of fear of awakening/rousing)

• राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the narrator) (O King)

• भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

• प्रति (prati) - Part of the compound verb `pratiṣedhayat` (towards, against, in return)

• अषेधयत् (aṣedhayat) - he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अङ्गुष्ठेन (aṅguṣṭhena) - with his (Yudhiṣṭhira's) thumb (with the thumb)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of aṅguṣṭha

aṅguṣṭha - thumb, big toe

अवमृद्नात् (avamṛdnāt) - he pressed down, he squeezed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of mṛd

Imperfect active 3rd singular. Prefix ava- means down, away.

Prefix: ava

Root: mṛd (class 9)

अङ्गुष्ठम् (aṅguṣṭham) - Bhīma's thumb (the thumb)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṅguṣṭha

aṅguṣṭha - thumb, big toe

Note: Object of 'avamṛdnāt'.

तस्य (tasya) - of Bhīma (his, of him, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhīma.

धर्मराट् (dharmarāṭ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (king of natural law, king of righteousness)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāj

dharmarāj - king of natural law (dharma), king of righteousness

Compound: dharma + rāj. Nom. singular is 'dharmarāṭ'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāj)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
• rāj – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Yudhiṣṭhira.

प्रबोधनभयात् (prabodhanabhayāt) - out of fear of rousing Bhīma (from his anger) (out of fear of awakening/rousing)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of prabodhanabhaya

prabodhanabhaya - fear of awakening/rousing

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prabodhana+bhaya)

• prabodhana – awakening, rousing
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  From pra-budh + lyuṭ
  Prefix: pra
  Root: budh (class 1)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)

राजन् (rājan) - addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra (the narrator) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: A form of address.

भीमस्य (bhīmasya) - of Bhīma

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhīma, terrible

Note: Relates to 'prabodhana'.

प्रति (prati) - Part of the compound verb `pratiṣedhayat` (towards, against, in return)

(indeclinable)

Note: It's an upasarga for `aṣedhayat`.

अषेधयत् (aṣedhayat) - he prevented, he forbade, he restrained

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ṣidh

Imperfect active 3rd singular, causative of sidh, with prefix prati. The root `sidh` becomes `ṣidh` after `prati` due to internal sandhi. The initial 'a' is the augment for the imperfect tense.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

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