महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-42, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्य संपश्यतस्त्वेव पिनाकी वृषभध्वजः ।
जगामादर्शनं भानुर्लोकस्येवास्तमेयिवान् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasya saṁpaśyatastveva pinākī vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ ,
jagāmādarśanaṁ bhānurlokasyevāstameyivān.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tasya sampaśyataḥ tu eva pinākī
vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ jagāma adarśanam bhānuḥ lokasya iva astam eyivān

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Indeed, even as he (Arjuna) was intently watching, Pinākin (Śiva), whose emblem is a bull (Vṛṣabhadhvaja), vanished from sight, just as the sun disappears for the world when it sets.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - of Arjuna (of him)

• सम्पश्यतः (sampaśyataḥ) - while intently watching, of him watching intently

• तु (tu) - indeed, even (but, indeed, however)

• एव (eva) - even, just, indeed

• पिनाकी (pinākī) - Śiva (Pinākin (holder of the Pināka bow))

• वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - Śiva (Vṛṣabhadhvaja (whose banner is a bull))

• जगाम (jagāma) - departed, vanished (went)

• अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - disappearance, out of sight

• भानुः (bhānuḥ) - the sun, ray of light

• लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, for the world

• इव (iva) - like, as, just as

• अस्तम् (astam) - setting, disappearance

• एयिवान् (eyivān) - having gone to set (having gone, having reached)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायनः (vaiśampāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect 3rd Person Singular

Root 'vac', Class 2 Parasmaipada. Perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Verb for the narrator's statement.

तस्य (tasya) - of Arjuna (of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Refers to Arjuna. Governs 'sampaśyataḥ'.

सम्पश्यतः (sampaśyataḥ) - while intently watching, of him watching intently

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sampaśyat

sampaśyat - intently seeing, observing closely

Present Active Participle

From root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'sam' (together, completely), present stem 'sampaśya-'.

Prefix: sam

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Genitive case agrees with 'tasya', indicating simultaneous action.

तु (tu) - indeed, even (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

एव (eva) - even, just, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the continuous watching.

पिनाकी (pinākī) - Śiva (Pinākin (holder of the Pināka bow))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pinākin

pinākin - possessing the Pināka bow; an epithet of Śiva

Derived from 'pināka' (name of Śiva's bow) with possessive suffix 'in'.

Note: Epithet of Śiva, subject of 'jagāma'.

वृषभध्वजः (vṛṣabhadhvajaḥ) - Śiva (Vṛṣabhadhvaja (whose banner is a bull))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛṣabhadhvaja

vṛṣabhadhvaja - whose banner is a bull; an epithet of Śiva

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛṣabha+dhvaja)

• vṛṣabha – bull, male of any animal, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, emblem
  noun (masculine)

Note: Another epithet of Śiva, agreeing with 'pinākī'.

जगाम (jagāma) - departed, vanished (went)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect 3rd Person Singular

Root 'gam', Class 1 Parasmaipada. Perfect form.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb, subject is Śiva.

अदर्शनम् (adarśanam) - disappearance, out of sight

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of adarśana

adarśana - non-seeing, disappearance, invisibility

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+darśana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• darśana – seeing, sight, perception
  noun (neuter)
  Action noun from root 'dṛś'
  From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix '-ana'.
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially with 'jagāma' to mean 'went out of sight'.

भानुः (bhānuḥ) - the sun, ray of light

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhānu

bhānu - light, ray, sun, sun god

Note: Subject of the simile.

लोकस्य (lokasya) - of the world, for the world

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, universe

Note: Indicates for whom the sun sets.

इव (iva) - like, as, just as

(indeclinable)

अस्तम् (astam) - setting, disappearance

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - setting (of sun, planets); disappearance, home

Note: Used adverbially, typically with 'i' (to go) or 'gam' (to go).

एयिवान् (eyivān) - having gone to set (having gone, having reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eyivas

eyivas - having gone, having reached

Past Active Participle

From root 'i' (to go), derived from the perfect stem (e.g. iyāya).

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bhānuḥ', indicating the state of having set.