महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-48, verse-3

खशा एकाशनाज्योहाः प्रदरा दीर्घवेणवः ।
पशुपाश्च कुणिन्दाश्च तङ्गणाः परतङ्गणाः ॥३॥

3. khaśā ekāśanājyohāḥ pradarā dīrghaveṇavaḥ ,
paśupāśca kuṇindāśca taṅgaṇāḥ parataṅgaṇāḥ.

3. khaśāḥ ekāśanāḥ ajyohāḥ pradarāḥ dīrghaveṇavaḥ
paśupāḥ ca kuṇindāḥ ca taṅgaṇāḥ parataṅgaṇāḥ

3. The Khaśas, the Ekāśanas (those who eat alone or live in isolation), the Ajyohas (those without ploughs), the Pradaras, and the Dīrghaveṇavas (those with long bamboos); and also the cowherds (paśupāḥ), the Kuṇindas, the Taṅgaṇas, and the Para-Taṅgaṇas.

Words meanings summery:

• खशाः (khaśāḥ) - the Khaśas (a mountain tribe)

• एकाशनाः (ekāśanāḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people characterized by solitary eating or isolated living (those who eat alone, those who eat once, solitary ones)

• अज्योहाः (ajyohāḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people who do not engage in settled agriculture (those without livelihood, without ploughs, non-agriculturalists)

• प्रदराः (pradarāḥ) - the Pradaras (a tribe)

• दीर्घवेणवः (dīrghaveṇavaḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people known for their long bamboos (those with long bamboos)

• पशुपाः (paśupāḥ) - cowherds, cattle-keepers

• च (ca) - and

• कुणिन्दाः (kuṇindāḥ) - the Kuṇindas (a tribe)

• च (ca) - and

• तङ्गणाः (taṅgaṇāḥ) - the Taṅgaṇas (a Himalayan tribe)

• परतङ्गणाः (parataṅgaṇāḥ) - the Para-Taṅgaṇas (a tribe living beyond the Taṅgaṇas)

Words meanings and morphology

खशाः (khaśāḥ) - the Khaśas (a mountain tribe)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of khaśa

khaśa - a mountain tribe, an inhabitant of the Himalayas

एकाशनाः (ekāśanāḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people characterized by solitary eating or isolated living (those who eat alone, those who eat once, solitary ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ekāśana

ekāśana - eating alone, eating once a day, solitary

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (eka+āśana)

• eka – one, single, alone
  numeral/adjective
• āśana – eating, food, meal
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root aś (to eat).
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Refers to a group of people/tribe.

अज्योहाः (ajyohāḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people who do not engage in settled agriculture (those without livelihood, without ploughs, non-agriculturalists)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ajyoha

ajyoha - without livelihood, without ploughs, not cultivating

A-privative compound with jyoha (livelihood, agriculture).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+jyoha)

• a – not, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• jyoha – livelihood, cultivation, ploughing, means of subsistence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a group of people/tribe.

प्रदराः (pradarāḥ) - the Pradaras (a tribe)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pradara

pradara - a tribal name, inhabitants of certain regions

दीर्घवेणवः (dīrghaveṇavaḥ) - a specific tribe or group of people known for their long bamboos (those with long bamboos)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīrghaveṇu

dīrghaveṇu - one having long bamboos

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+veṇu)

• dīrgha – long, tall, extensive
  adjective
• veṇu – bamboo, reed, flute
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to a tribe or group, implying a characteristic trait.

पशुपाः (paśupāḥ) - cowherds, cattle-keepers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paśupā

paśupā - cowherd, cattle-keeper, guardian of animals

Agent noun derived from paśu (animal) and root pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (paśu+pā)

• paśu – animal, cattle, beast
  noun (masculine)
• pā – protector, keeper
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

कुणिन्दाः (kuṇindāḥ) - the Kuṇindas (a tribe)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kuṇinda

kuṇinda - name of an ancient Indian tribe, typically mountain dwellers in the Himalayas

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects list items.

तङ्गणाः (taṅgaṇāḥ) - the Taṅgaṇas (a Himalayan tribe)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of taṅgaṇa

taṅgaṇa - name of an ancient Indian tribe, typically located in the Himalayas

परतङ्गणाः (parataṅgaṇāḥ) - the Para-Taṅgaṇas (a tribe living beyond the Taṅgaṇas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parataṅgaṇa

parataṅgaṇa - a tribe living beyond or near the Taṅgaṇas (literally 'other Taṅgaṇas')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+taṅgaṇa)

• para – other, beyond, distant
  adjective/prefix
• taṅgaṇa – name of an ancient Indian tribe
  proper noun (masculine)