महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-48, verse-22

राजा चित्ररथो नाम गन्धर्वो वासवानुगः ।
शतानि चत्वार्यददद्धयानां वातरंहसाम् ॥२२॥

22. rājā citraratho nāma gandharvo vāsavānugaḥ ,
śatāni catvāryadadaddhayānāṁ vātaraṁhasām.

22. rājā citrarathaḥ nāma gandharvaḥ vāsavānugaḥ
śatāni catvāri adadat hayānām vātaṛhaṃhasām

22. King Citraratha, a Gandharva and a follower of Vasava (Indra), presented four hundred horses that were swift as the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king

• चित्ररथः (citrarathaḥ) - Citraratha (proper name)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

• गन्धर्वः (gandharvaḥ) - a Gandharva (celestial musician/demigod)

• वासवानुगः (vāsavānugaḥ) - a follower of Vasava (Indra)

• शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

• चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

• अददत् (adadat) - he gave, presented

• हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

• वातर्ंहषाम् (vātarṁhaṣām) - of those swift as the wind

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Note: Subject of the sentence, in apposition to Citraratha.

चित्ररथः (citrarathaḥ) - Citraratha (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citraratha

citraratha - having a wonderful/bright chariot (name of a Gandharva king)

Bahuvrihi compound: citra (bright/wonderful) + ratha (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+ratha)

• citra – bright, clear, wonderful, variegated, diverse
  adjective
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: The specific king mentioned.

नाम (nāma) - by name, named, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates 'named' or 'called'.

गन्धर्वः (gandharvaḥ) - a Gandharva (celestial musician/demigod)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandharva

gandharva - a Gandharva (a class of celestial beings, singers and musicians)

Note: Appositive to 'Citraratha'.

वासवानुगः (vāsavānugaḥ) - a follower of Vasava (Indra)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsavānuga

vāsavānuga - follower of Vasava (Indra)

Tatpurusha compound: vāsava (Indra) + anuga (follower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāsava+anuga)

• vāsava – Indra (epithet)
  proper noun (masculine)
• anuga – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go) with prefix 'anu-'
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Another attribute of Citraratha.

शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Object of 'adadat', specified by 'catvāri'.

चत्वारि (catvāri) - four

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'śatāni' (four hundreds = 400).

अददत् (adadat) - he gave, presented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Past Imperfect (laṅ) of dā

Imperfect

Root 'dā' (3rd class) in Imperfect, 3rd person singular

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Main verb for Citraratha.

हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Note: Possessive, indicating 'four hundreds of horses'.

वातर्ंहषाम् (vātarṁhaṣām) - of those swift as the wind

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vātarṃhas

vātarṁhas - swift as the wind, having the speed of wind

Bahuvrihi compound: vāta (wind) + raṃhas (speed)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāta+raṃhas)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• raṃhas – speed, velocity, impulse
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'hayānām'.