महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-16, verse-40

नाहं पुनरिहागन्ता मर्त्यलोकं परंतप ।
प्रीतोऽस्मि ते महाप्राज्ञ ब्रूहि किं करवाणि ते ॥४०॥

40. nāhaṁ punarihāgantā martyalokaṁ paraṁtapa ,
prīto'smi te mahāprājña brūhi kiṁ karavāṇi te.

40. na aham punaḥ iha āgantā martyalokam paraṃtapa
prītaḥ asmi te mahāprājña brūhi kim karavāṇi te

40. paraṃtapa,
aham punaḥ iha martyalokam na āgantā mahāprājña,
te (saha) prītaḥ asmi kim te karavāṇi (iti) brūhi

40. I will not return to this mortal world (martyaloka) again, O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa). I am pleased with you, O greatly wise one (mahāprājña). Tell me, what may I do for you?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but)

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this case)

• आगन्ता (āgantā) - will return (one who will come, future comer)

• मर्त्यलोकम् (martyalokam) - to this mortal world (martyaloka) (mortal world, world of mortals)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted, satisfied)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• ते (te) - with you (to you, your, by you)

• महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (mahāprājña) (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Tell me (speak, tell, say)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

• करवाणि (karavāṇi) - may I do (may I do, shall I do)

• ते (te) - for you (to you, for you)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Subject of `āgantā`.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, but)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative

Note: Adverb modifying `āgantā`.

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from `idam` (this)

आगन्ता (āgantā) - will return (one who will come, future comer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgantṛ

āgantṛ - one who comes, one who will come

Agent noun

From `ā-gam` (to come), suffix `tṛ` (agent)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of agent noun, functioning as a finite verb.

मर्त्यलोकम् (martyalokam) - to this mortal world (martyaloka) (mortal world, world of mortals)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of martyaloka

martyaloka - mortal world, human world, earth

Tatpurusha compound of `martya` (mortal) and `loka` (world)

Compound type : tatpurusha (martya+loka)

• martya – mortal, human
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  From `mṛ` (to die) + `tya` suffix
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of motion implied by `āgantā`.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O scorcher of foes (paraṃtapa) (O scorcher of foes, O tormentor of enemies)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies, epithet of a warrior (e.g., Arjuna)

Compound of `para` (enemy) and `tapa` (causing pain, burning). Technically a `luk-prāpta` form, agent suffix `a` from `tap` with `param` as object.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (para+tapa)

• para – other, enemy, supreme
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – causing heat/pain, penance
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root `tap` (to heat, burn, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Addressed to the listener.

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted, satisfied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied, beloved

Past Passive Participle

PPP of `prī` (to please, satisfy)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Predicative adjective.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present tense

Present, 1st person singular, active voice

Root: as (class 2)

ते (te) - with you (to you, your, by you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you

Enclitic genitive/dative of `yūṣmad`

Note: Refers to the person being addressed.

महाप्राज्ञ (mahāprājña) - O greatly wise one (mahāprājña) (O greatly wise one, O highly intelligent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - greatly wise, highly intelligent

Karmadhāraya compound: "greatly wise". From `mahā` (great) and `prājña` (wise, intelligent)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  From `pra-jñā` (to know well)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Adjective describing the listener.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - Tell me (speak, tell, say)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative mood

Imperative, 2nd person singular, active voice

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what (what, which, why)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Interrogative pronoun

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

करवाणि (karavāṇi) - may I do (may I do, shall I do)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative / Subjunctive

Imperative, 1st person singular, active voice. Implies a wish or proposal.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates a question or a proposal for action.

ते (te) - for you (to you, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yūṣmad

yūṣmad - you

Enclitic dative/genitive of `yūṣmad`

Note: Recipient of the action `karavāṇi`.