महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-16, verse-20

जातीमरणतत्त्वज्ञं कोविदं पुण्यपापयोः ।
द्रष्टारमुच्चनीचानां कर्मभिर्देहिनां गतिम् ॥२०॥

20. jātīmaraṇatattvajñaṁ kovidaṁ puṇyapāpayoḥ ,
draṣṭāramuccanīcānāṁ karmabhirdehināṁ gatim.

20. jātīmaraṇatattvajñam kovidam puṇya pāpayoḥ
draṣṭāram ucca nīcānām karmabhiḥ dehinām gatim

20. jātīmaraṇatattvajñam puṇya pāpayoḥ kovidam
karmabhiḥ dehinām ucca nīcānām gatim draṣṭāram

20. One who understood the true nature of birth and death, an expert concerning merit (puṇya) and demerit (pāpa), and who perceived the high and low states (gati) of embodied beings (dehin) according to their actions (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• जातीमरणतत्त्वज्ञम् (jātīmaraṇatattvajñam) - one who understood the true nature of birth and death (knowing the true nature of birth and death)

• कोविदम् (kovidam) - an expert (in merit and demerit) (expert, wise, learned)

• पुण्य (puṇya) - of merit (compound part) (merit, virtue, good deed)

• पापयोः (pāpayoḥ) - of merit and demerit (of sin, of demerit)

• द्रष्टारम् (draṣṭāram) - one who perceived (seer, perceiver, observer)

• उच्च (ucca) - high (compound part) (high, elevated)

• नीचानाम् (nīcānām) - of high and low (states) (of low, of inferior)

• कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds)

• देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of embodied beings (dehin) (of embodied beings)

• गतिम् (gatim) - the destinies (gati) (course, path, destiny, state)

Words meanings and morphology

जातीमरणतत्त्वज्ञम् (jātīmaraṇatattvajñam) - one who understood the true nature of birth and death (knowing the true nature of birth and death)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jātīmaraṇatattvajña

jātīmaraṇatattvajña - knowing the true nature of birth and death

Compound: jāti (birth) + maraṇa (death) + tattva (true nature) + jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (jāti+maraṇa+tattva+jña)

• jāti – birth, origin, species
  noun (feminine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: √jan (class 4)
• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From √mṛ (to die)
  Root: √mṛ (class 6)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
  From tad + tva (abstract suffix)
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix ḍa from √jñā
  From √jñā (to know)
  Root: √jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies dvijam.

कोविदम् (kovidam) - an expert (in merit and demerit) (expert, wise, learned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kovida

kovida - skilled, expert, wise, learned

Note: Qualifies dvijam.

पुण्य (puṇya) - of merit (compound part) (merit, virtue, good deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, righteousness, good deed (puṇya)

Note: This is part of the compound `puṇya-pāpayoḥ`, here listed in its base form for compound part.

पापयोः (pāpayoḥ) - of merit and demerit (of sin, of demerit)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, dual of pāpa

pāpa - evil, sin, demerit, bad deed (pāpa)

Compound type : dvandva (puṇya+pāpa)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, righteousness, good deed (puṇya)
  noun (neuter)
• pāpa – evil, sin, demerit, bad deed (pāpa)
  noun (neuter)

द्रष्टारम् (draṣṭāram) - one who perceived (seer, perceiver, observer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of draṣṭṛ

draṣṭṛ - seer, observer, perceiver

Agent noun (kṛt suffix tṛc)

From √dṛś (to see, perceive)

Root: √dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dvijam.

उच्च (ucca) - high (compound part) (high, elevated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ucca

ucca - high, lofty, loud

Note: This is part of the compound `ucca-nīcānām`, here listed in its base form for compound part.

नीचानाम् (nīcānām) - of high and low (states) (of low, of inferior)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of nīca

nīca - low, humble, inferior, base

Compound type : dvandva (ucca+nīca)

• ucca – high, lofty, loud
  adjective (masculine)
• nīca – low, humble, inferior, base
  adjective (masculine)

Note: It modifies gatim here, implying "high and low states" or "destinies".

कर्मभिः (karmabhiḥ) - by their actions (karma) (by actions, by deeds)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of karma

karma - action, deed, work, effect of actions (karma)

From √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Specifies the means by which destinies are determined.

देहिनाम् (dehinām) - of embodied beings (dehin) (of embodied beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dehin

dehin - embodied, having a body, an embodied being, soul

From deha (body) + in (possessive suffix)

Note: Possessive genitive for gatim.

गतिम् (gatim) - the destinies (gati) (course, path, destiny, state)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, motion, path, course, state, condition, destiny (gati)

Action noun (kṛt suffix kti)

From √gam (to go)

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Object of draṣṭāram.