महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-16, verse-1

जनमेजय उवाच ।
सभायां वसतोस्तस्यां निहत्यारीन्महात्मनोः ।
केशवार्जुनयोः का नु कथा समभवद्द्विज ॥१॥

1. janamejaya uvāca ,
sabhāyāṁ vasatostasyāṁ nihatyārīnmahātmanoḥ ,
keśavārjunayoḥ kā nu kathā samabhavaddvija.

1. janamejaya uvāca | sabhāyām vasatoḥ tasyām nihitya arīn
mahātmanoḥ | keśavārjunayoḥ kā nu kathā samabhavat dvija

1. janamejaya uvāca dvija,
arīn nihitya,
tasyām sabhāyām vasatoḥ mahātmanoḥ keśavārjunayoḥ kā nu kathā samabhavat.

1. Janamejaya said: "O twice-born (dvija), what kind of conversation took place between Keśava (Krishna) and Arjuna, those magnanimous heroes, while they resided in that assembly hall after having vanquished their enemies?"

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya (the questioner) (Janamejaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly hall (presumably the newly built hall in Indraprastha) (in the assembly, in the hall)

• वसतोः (vasatoḥ) - while dwelling/residing (dwelling, residing)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (specific assembly hall) (in that (feminine))

• निहित्य (nihitya) - having vanquished (having killed, having defeated)

• अरीन् (arīn) - enemies

• महात्मनोः (mahātmanoḥ) - of the magnanimous Keśava and Arjuna (of the great-souled ones, of the magnanimous ones)

• केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Keśava and Arjuna

• का (kā) - what (kind of) (what (feminine))

• नु (nu) - what then, pray tell (indeed, now, then)

• कथा (kathā) - conversation, discourse (story, discourse, topic)

• समभवत् (samabhavat) - took place (arose, came to be, took place)

• द्विज (dvija) - O Vaiśampāyana (who is a Brahmin) (O twice-born, O Brahmin)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - King Janamejaya (the questioner) (Janamejaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (name of a king, son of Parikshit)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Root 'vac' (2nd class), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Finite verb.

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly hall (presumably the newly built hall in Indraprastha) (in the assembly, in the hall)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, hall, court

Note: Refers to the assembly hall.

वसतोः (vasatoḥ) - while dwelling/residing (dwelling, residing)

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vasat

vasat - dwelling, residing

Present active participle

From root 'vas' (to dwell), present active participle.

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'keśavārjunayoḥ' and 'mahātmanoḥ'.

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (specific assembly hall) (in that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to 'sabhāyām'.

निहित्य (nihitya) - having vanquished (having killed, having defeated)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'han' (2nd class) with prefix 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Action performed before the main verb.

अरीन् (arīn) - enemies

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ari

ari - enemy, foe

Note: Object of 'nihitya'.

महात्मनोः (mahātmanoḥ) - of the magnanimous Keśava and Arjuna (of the great-souled ones, of the magnanimous ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble-minded

Compound 'mahā' (great) + 'ātman' (self, soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an

Note: Adjective for Keśava and Arjuna.

केशवार्जुनयोः (keśavārjunayoḥ) - of Keśava and Arjuna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of keśavārjuna

keśavārjuna - Keśava (Krishna) and Arjuna

Itaretara-dvandva compound.

Compound type : itaretara-dvandva (keśava+arjuna)

• keśava – Keśava (an epithet of Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• arjuna – Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince)
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, linked to 'kathā'.

का (kā) - what (kind of) (what (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies 'kathā'.

नु (nu) - what then, pray tell (indeed, now, then)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing interrogation, doubt, or emphasis.

Note: Adds interrogative nuance.

कथा (kathā) - conversation, discourse (story, discourse, topic)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, discourse, topic of conversation

Root: kath (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'samabhavat'.

समभवत् (samabhavat) - took place (arose, came to be, took place)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect active

From root 'bhū' (1st class) with prefix 'sam', imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

द्विज (dvija) - O Vaiśampāyana (who is a Brahmin) (O twice-born, O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound 'dvi' (two) + 'ja' (born).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Derived from root 'jan' (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Addressing Vaiśampāyana.