महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-106, verse-3

भीष्म उवाच ।
तपः प्रचक्षते यावत्तावल्लोका युधिष्ठिर ।
मतं मम तु कौन्तेय तपो नानशनात्परम् ॥३॥

3. bhīṣma uvāca ,
tapaḥ pracakṣate yāvattāvallokā yudhiṣṭhira ,
mataṁ mama tu kaunteya tapo nānaśanātparam.

3. bhīṣma uvāca tapaḥ pracakṣate yāvat tāvat lokā
yudhiṣṭhira matam mama tu kaunteya tapaḥ na anaśanāt param

3. bhīṣma uvāca yudhiṣṭhira kaunteya lokā yāvat tāvat
tapaḥ pracakṣate mama matam tu anaśanāt param tapaḥ na

3. Bhīṣma said: "O Yudhiṣṭhira, people declare various forms of austerity (tapas), but in my opinion, O son of Kuntī, no austerity (tapas) is superior to fasting."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru princes (Bhīṣma (a character in Mahabharata))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

• प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they speak of (they declare, they tell)

• यावत् (yāvat) - as far as, to the extent that (as much as, as long as, until, to the extent that)

• तावत् (tāvat) - to that extent, then (so much, so long, then, to that extent)

• लोका (lokā) - people (people, worlds)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (O Yudhiṣṭhira (a character in Mahabharata))

• मतम् (matam) - opinion (opinion, thought, doctrine, belief)

• मम (mama) - my (in my opinion) (my, of me)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī) (O son of Kuntī)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अनशनात् (anaśanāt) - from fasting (from fasting, from not eating)

• परम् (param) - superior (superior, highest, supreme, after)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhīṣma, the grandfather of the Kuru princes (Bhīṣma (a character in Mahabharata))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

from root vac, perfect tense (liṭ) formation

Root: vac (class 2)

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, religious mortification, heat

Root: tap

Note: Also nominative singular here.

प्रचक्षते (pracakṣate) - they declare, they speak of (they declare, they tell)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of cakṣ

present tense, 3rd person plural

from root cakṣ, present tense (laṭ) with pra prefix, middle voice (ātmanepada)

Prefix: pra

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

यावत् (yāvat) - as far as, to the extent that (as much as, as long as, until, to the extent that)

(indeclinable)

तावत् (tāvat) - to that extent, then (so much, so long, then, to that extent)

(indeclinable)

लोका (lokā) - people (people, worlds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of loka

loka - world, people, region, community

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira, the eldest Pāṇḍava brother (O Yudhiṣṭhira (a character in Mahabharata))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira, steady in battle

compound from yudhi (in battle) + sthira (steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – steady, firm, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

मतम् (matam) - opinion (opinion, thought, doctrine, belief)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - opinion, thought, doctrine, belief; also past passive participle of man (to think)

Past Passive Participle

From root man (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

मम (mama) - my (in my opinion) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (son of Kuntī) (O son of Kuntī)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kuntī, referring to the Pāṇḍavas, especially Arjuna

Vṛddhi derivation from Kuntī, indicating 'descendant of Kuntī'.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, religious mortification, heat

Root: tap

Note: Nominative singular, predicate to implied 'asti'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अनशनात् (anaśanāt) - from fasting (from fasting, from not eating)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of anaśana

anaśana - fasting, not eating, abstinence from food

From an (not) + aśana (eating)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+aśana)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• aśana – eating, food
  noun (neuter)
  from root aś (to eat)
  Root: aś (class 9)

परम् (param) - superior (superior, highest, supreme, after)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, highest, supreme, superior, ultimate