महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-106, verse-2

पितामहस्य विदितं किमन्यत्र तपोबलात् ।
तपसो यत्परं तेऽद्य तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥२॥

2. pitāmahasya viditaṁ kimanyatra tapobalāt ,
tapaso yatparaṁ te'dya tanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

2. pitāmahasya viditam kim anyatra tapaḥ balāt
tapasaḥ yat param te adya tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

2. pitāmahasya tapat-balāt anyatra kim viditam? tapasaḥ yat param tat adya te me vyākhyātum arhasi.

2. What else is known to the grandfather (Bhishma), apart from the power of spiritual austerity (tapas)? You should explain to me today that which is considered the highest form of it.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामहस्य (pitāmahasya) - of Bhishma, the grandfather (of the grandfather)

• विदितम् (viditam) - that which is understood or known (known, understood, ascertained)

• किम् (kim) - rhetorical question asking 'what else?' (what? why? whether)

• अन्यत्र (anyatra) - apart from, other than (elsewhere, in another place, besides)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (spiritual austerity, penance, heat)

• बलात् (balāt) - through the power (from strength, by force, by power)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - related to spiritual austerity (of spiritual austerity, from spiritual austerity)

• यत् (yat) - the specific thing that is supreme (which, what, that)

• परम् (param) - the ultimate aspect or form (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate)

• ते (te) - by you (Bhishma) (by you, your, to you)

• अद्य (adya) - at this moment (today, now)

• तत् (tat) - referring to 'that which is supreme' (that, it)

• मे (me) - for my benefit, to me (to me, for me, my)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to give a detailed account (to explain, to interpret, to describe)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - it is fitting that you explain (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

पितामहस्य (pitāmahasya) - of Bhishma, the grandfather (of the grandfather)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father (epithet of Brahmā), Bhishma

Compound type : tatpurusha (pitṛ+mahā)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahā – great
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

विदितम् (viditam) - that which is understood or known (known, understood, ascertained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, ascertained

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vid' (to know)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Often used impersonally as 'it is known'.

किम् (kim) - rhetorical question asking 'what else?' (what? why? whether)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as an interrogative particle or pronoun.

अन्यत्र (anyatra) - apart from, other than (elsewhere, in another place, besides)

(indeclinable)

from anya (other) + tra (suffix for place)

Note: Takes ablative case.

तपः (tapaḥ) - ascetic practice (spiritual austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - spiritual austerity, penance, asceticism, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Part of the compound 'tapobalāt'.

बलात् (balāt) - through the power (from strength, by force, by power)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force

Note: Part of the compound 'tapobalāt'.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - related to spiritual austerity (of spiritual austerity, from spiritual austerity)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - spiritual austerity, penance, asceticism, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Dependent on 'param'.

यत् (yat) - the specific thing that is supreme (which, what, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'param'.

परम् (param) - the ultimate aspect or form (supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, excellent, other, beyond

Note: Qualifies 'yat'.

ते (te) - by you (Bhishma) (by you, your, to you)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural or singular)

Note: Refers to Bhishma, often used as instrumental for agent in passive constructions or for possession.

अद्य (adya) - at this moment (today, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Time adverb.

तत् (tat) - referring to 'that which is supreme' (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'vyākhyātum'.

मे (me) - for my benefit, to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Recipient of the explanation.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to give a detailed account (to explain, to interpret, to describe)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vyākhyā

infinitive

from root 'khyā' with upasargas 'vi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Used with 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - it is fitting that you explain (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

present 2nd person singular

from root 'arh', present indicative form

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Governing the infinitive 'vyākhyātum'.