महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-106, verse-7

न हि देवा न गन्धर्वा न मनुष्या भगीरथ ।
आयान्त्यतप्ततपसः कथं वै त्वमिहागतः ॥७॥

7. na hi devā na gandharvā na manuṣyā bhagīratha ,
āyāntyataptatapasaḥ kathaṁ vai tvamihāgataḥ.

7. na hi devāḥ na gandharvāḥ na manuṣyāḥ bhagīratha
āyanti atapta-tapasaḥ katham vai tvam iha āgataḥ

7. bhagīratha na hi devāḥ na gandharvāḥ na manuṣyāḥ
atapta-tapasaḥ āyanti tvam vai iha katham āgataḥ

7. No, neither gods, nor gandharvas, nor humans, O Bhagīratha, arrive here without having performed severe austerities (tapas). How then have you come here?

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, because, for)

• देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - gandharvas (gandharvas (celestial musicians))

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans (humans, men)

• भगीरथ (bhagīratha) - O Bhagīratha (O Bhagīratha (vocative))

• आयन्ति (āyanti) - they arrive (they come, they arrive)

• अतप्त-तपसः (atapta-tapasaḥ) - without having performed severe austerities (tapas) (of those who have not performed austerities, without performed austerities)

• कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly, because, for)

(indeclinable)

देवाः (devāḥ) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - gandharvas (gandharvas (celestial musicians))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - gandharva, celestial musician

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

मनुष्याः (manuṣyāḥ) - humans (humans, men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of manuṣya

manuṣya - human, man, mankind

भगीरथ (bhagīratha) - O Bhagīratha (O Bhagīratha (vocative))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagīratha

bhagīratha - Bhagīratha (a legendary king)

आयन्ति (āyanti) - they arrive (they come, they arrive)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ā + i

present active third plural

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

अतप्त-तपसः (atapta-tapasaḥ) - without having performed severe austerities (tapas) (of those who have not performed austerities, without performed austerities)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of atapta-tapas

atapta-tapas - one who has not performed austerities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+tapta+tapas)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• tapta – heated, purified, performed (austerities)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root tap (to heat, to perform austerities)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)

Note: agreement with devāḥ, gandharvāḥ, manuṣyāḥ (implies 'those who are')

कथम् (katham) - how? (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

Note: interrogative adverb

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: a Vedic particle, often used for emphasis or as a filler

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

इह (iha) - here (here, in this world)

(indeclinable)

Note: locative adverb

आगतः (āgataḥ) - come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ā + gata

ā + gata - arrived, come

Past Passive Participle

from root gam (to go) with prefix ā (towards)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ā+gata)

• ā – towards, completely
  indeclinable
  prefix
• gata – gone, arrived
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: used here as a predicate adjective with 'tvam'