महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-331, verse-49

नागाः सुपर्णा गन्धर्वाः सिद्धा राजर्षयश्च ये ।
हव्यं कव्यं च सततं विधिपूर्वं प्रयुञ्जते ।
कृत्स्नं तत्तस्य देवस्य चरणावुपतिष्ठति ॥४९॥

49. nāgāḥ suparṇā gandharvāḥ siddhā rājarṣayaśca ye ,
havyaṁ kavyaṁ ca satataṁ vidhipūrvaṁ prayuñjate ,
kṛtsnaṁ tattasya devasya caraṇāvupatiṣṭhati.

49. nāgāḥ suparṇāḥ gandharvāḥ siddhāḥ
rājarṣayaḥ ca ye havyam kavyam ca satatam
vidhipūrvam prayuñjate kṛtsnam
tat tasya devasya caraṇau upatiṣṭhati

49. ye nāgāḥ suparṇāḥ gandharvāḥ siddhāḥ
ca rājarṣayaḥ satatam vidhipūrvam
havyam ca kavyam prayuñjate tat kṛtsnam
tasya devasya caraṇau upatiṣṭhati

49. Whatever Nāgas, Suparṇas, Gandharvas, Siddhas, and royal sages constantly offer as oblations (havya) for the gods and offerings (kavya) for the ancestors, according to proper rituals, all of that entirely goes to the feet of that deity (deva).

Words meanings summery:

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nāgas (serpentine beings)

• सुपर्णाः (suparṇāḥ) - Suparṇas (celestial birds, sometimes referring to Garuḍa)

• गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

• सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - Siddhas (perfected beings)

• राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - who, whatever (plural)

• हव्यम् (havyam) - oblation (for gods)

• कव्यम् (kavyam) - offering (for ancestors)

• च (ca) - and

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• विधिपूर्वम् (vidhipūrvam) - according to prescribed rituals/rules

• प्रयुञ्जते (prayuñjate) - they offer, they employ

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, all

• तत् (tat) - that

• तस्य (tasya) - of that

• देवस्य (devasya) - of the deity (deva)

• चरणौ (caraṇau) - (at) the two feet

• उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati) - goes to, approaches, stands before

Words meanings and morphology

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - Nāgas (serpentine beings)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent, Nāga (a mythical serpentine being)

सुपर्णाः (suparṇāḥ) - Suparṇas (celestial birds, sometimes referring to Garuḍa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings, a large bird, Garuḍa

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+parṇa)

• su – good, well, beautiful
  indeclinable
• parṇa – wing, feather, leaf
  noun (neuter)

गन्धर्वाः (gandharvāḥ) - Gandharvas (celestial musicians)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gandharva

gandharva - Gandharva (a class of celestial musicians and dancers)

सिद्धाः (siddhāḥ) - Siddhas (perfected beings)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfected, a perfected being

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root 'sidh' (to accomplish)

Root: sidh (class 1)

राजर्षयः (rājarṣayaḥ) - royal sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer
  noun (masculine)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who, whatever (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, whoever, whatever

हव्यम् (havyam) - oblation (for gods)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of havya

havya - oblation, offering (especially to gods)

Gerundive/Nomen Agentis

Derived from root 'hu' (to offer) + 'ya' suffix, meaning 'that which is to be offered'

Root: hu (class 3)

कव्यम् (kavyam) - offering (for ancestors)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kavya

kavya - offering (especially to ancestors, pitṛs)

Derived from 'kavi' (poet/wise) + 'ya' suffix, meaning 'that which pertains to kavis/ancestors'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular

विधिपूर्वम् (vidhipūrvam) - according to prescribed rituals/rules

(indeclinable)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidhi+pūrva)

• vidhi – rule, injunction, ritual, manner
  noun (masculine)
• pūrva – before, preceding, former
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular

प्रयुञ्जते (prayuñjate) - they offer, they employ

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of yuj

present middle indicative

Prefix: pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire, whole, all

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, all, complete

Note: Agrees with 'tat'

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

तस्य (tasya) - of that

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Agrees with 'devasya'

देवस्य (devasya) - of the deity (deva)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine

चरणौ (caraṇau) - (at) the two feet

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, base

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Locative dual implies 'at the feet'

उपतिष्ठति (upatiṣṭhati) - goes to, approaches, stands before

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

present active indicative

Prefix: upa

Root: sthā (class 1)