महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-331, verse-31

ततस्तौ तपसां वासौ यशसां तेजसामपि ।
ऋषी शमदमोपेतौ कृत्वा पूर्वाह्णिकं विधिम् ॥३१॥

31. tatastau tapasāṁ vāsau yaśasāṁ tejasāmapi ,
ṛṣī śamadamopetau kṛtvā pūrvāhṇikaṁ vidhim.

31. tataḥ tau tapasām vāsau yaśasām tejasām api
ṛṣī śamadamopetau kṛtvā pūrvāhṇikam vidhim

31. tataḥ tau ṛṣī tapasām yaśasām tejasām api
vāsau śamadamopetau pūrvāhṇikam vidhim kṛtvā

31. Then, those two sages, who were embodiments of austerities (tapas), glory, and spiritual power, and who were endowed with tranquility (śama) and self-control (dama), performed their morning ritual.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• तौ (tau) - those two

• तपसाम् (tapasām) - of austerities

• वासौ (vāsau) - two abodes, two dwellings, two embodiments

• यशसाम् (yaśasām) - of glory, of fame

• तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of splendor, of spiritual power, of energy

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• ऋषी (ṛṣī) - two sages

• शमदमोपेतौ (śamadamopetau) - endowed with tranquility and self-control (two)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

• पूर्वाह्णिकम् (pūrvāhṇikam) - morning (rite)

• विधिम् (vidhim) - ritual, rite, rule, method

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

तौ (tau) - those two

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Nominative dual masculine, referring to the two sages.

तपसाम् (tapasām) - of austerities

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural.

वासौ (vāsau) - two abodes, two dwellings, two embodiments

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of vāsa

vāsa - dwelling, abode, residence; a garment

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Nominative dual, acting as a predicate adjective with 'tau'. Here 'embodiments' fits the context better than 'dwellings'.

यशसाम् (yaśasām) - of glory, of fame

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, reputation, honor

Note: Genitive plural.

तेजसाम् (tejasām) - of splendor, of spiritual power, of energy

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of tejas

tejas - splendor, brilliance, spiritual power, energy, fire

Root: tij (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle or conjunction.

ऋषी (ṛṣī) - two sages

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Note: Nominative dual, subject of 'kṛtvā' (implied verb 'were').

शमदमोपेतौ (śamadamopetau) - endowed with tranquility and self-control (two)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of śamadamopeta

śamadamopeta - endowed with tranquility and self-control

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śama+dama+upeta)

• śama – tranquility, calmness of mind, control of the senses
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śam (class 4)
• dama – self-control, restraint, subduing the senses
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dam (class 4)
• upeta – endowed with, possessed of, attended by
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix upa
  Prefix: upa
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with ṛṣī.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having done, having performed

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Absolutive, indicating a completed action prior to the main verb.

पूर्वाह्णिकम् (pūrvāhṇikam) - morning (rite)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pūrvāhṇika

pūrvāhṇika - relating to the forenoon, morning

Note: Adjective modifying 'vidhim'.

विधिम् (vidhim) - ritual, rite, rule, method

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidhi

vidhi - rule, injunction, ordinance, method, ritual

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.