महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-331, verse-46

न तत्र सूर्यस्तपति न सोमोऽभिविराजते ।
न वायुर्वाति देवेशे तपश्चरति दुश्चरम् ॥४६॥

46. na tatra sūryastapati na somo'bhivirājate ,
na vāyurvāti deveśe tapaścarati duścaram.

46. na tatra sūryaḥ tapati na somaḥ abhivirājate
na vāyuḥ vāti deveśe tapaḥ carati duścaram

46. deveśe duścaram tapaḥ carati tatra sūryaḥ na
tapati somaḥ na abhivirājate vāyuḥ na vāti

46. When the lord of gods performs such severe austerities, neither the sun shines there, nor does the moon illuminate, nor does the wind blow.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

• तपति (tapati) - shines, heats

• न (na) - not, no

• सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon

• अभिविराजते (abhivirājate) - shines forth, illuminates

• न (na) - not, no

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the wind

• वाअति (vāati) - blows

• देवेशे (deveśe) - when the lord of gods

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• चरति (carati) - performs, practices

• दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - severe, difficult to perform

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'tra' (locative suffix)

सूर्यः (sūryaḥ) - the sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun

तपति (tapati) - shines, heats

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

present active indicative

Root: tap (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

सोमः (somaḥ) - the moon

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soma

soma - moon, Soma plant/juice

अभिविराजते (abhivirājate) - shines forth, illuminates

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of rāj

present middle indicative

Prefixes: abhi+vi

Root: rāj (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - the wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind

वाअति (vāati) - blows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vā

present active indicative

Root: vā (class 2)

देवेशे (deveśe) - when the lord of gods

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deveśa

deveśa - lord of gods, Indra

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+īśa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• īśa – lord, master
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat

Root: tap (class 1)

चरति (carati) - performs, practices

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of car

present active indicative

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with deveśe

दुश्चरम् (duścaram) - severe, difficult to perform

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duścara

duścara - difficult to perform, severe, hard to move

Derived from 'dus' (difficult) and 'car' (to move/act).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+cara)

• dus – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, acting, performing
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix 'a' from root 'car'
  Derived from root 'car' with suffix 'a' (ghañ/ac) to form a noun/adjective.
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tapaḥ'