महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-314, verse-48

यश्चाधर्मेण विब्रूयाद्यश्चाधर्मेण पृच्छति ।
तयोरन्यतरः प्रैति विद्वेषं वाधिगच्छति ॥४८॥

48. yaścādharmeṇa vibrūyādyaścādharmeṇa pṛcchati ,
tayoranyataraḥ praiti vidveṣaṁ vādhigacchati.

48. yaḥ ca adharmeṇa vibrūyāt yaḥ ca adharmeṇa pṛcchati
tayoḥ anyataraḥ praiti vidveṣam vā adhigacchati

48. yaḥ ca adharmeṇa vibrūyāt yaḥ ca adharmeṇa pṛcchati
tayoḥ anyataraḥ praiti vā vidveṣam adhigacchati

48. And whoever explains (scripture) in an unrighteous manner (adharma), and whoever asks about it in an unrighteous manner (adharma), one of those two perishes or incurs enmity.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma (by unrighteousness, improperly)

• विब्रूयात् (vibrūyāt) - should explain, should teach

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and

• अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma (by unrighteousness, improperly)

• पृच्छति (pṛcchati) - asks, inquires

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two

• अन्यतरः (anyataraḥ) - one of the two, either

• प्रैति (praiti) - perishes, dies, goes forth

• विद्वेषम् (vidveṣam) - enmity, hatred

• वा (vā) - or

• अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, gains, reaches

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma (by unrighteousness, improperly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice

विब्रूयात् (vibrūyāt) - should explain, should teach

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vibrū

optative mood, 3rd person singular, active voice

Derived from root brū (to speak) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: brū (class 2)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अधर्मेण (adharmeṇa) - by adharma (by unrighteousness, improperly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice

पृच्छति (pṛcchati) - asks, inquires

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pṛcch

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Derived from root prach, 6th class

Root: prach (class 6)

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that

अन्यतरः (anyataraḥ) - one of the two, either

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anyatara

anyatara - one of two, either

प्रैति (praiti) - perishes, dies, goes forth

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pra-i

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Derived from root i (to go) with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

विद्वेषम् (vidveṣam) - enmity, hatred

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vidveṣa

vidveṣa - enmity, hatred

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अधिगच्छति (adhigacchati) - obtains, gains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhigam

present tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Derived from root gam (to go) with prefix adhi-

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)