महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-314, verse-43

यथा हि कनकं शुद्धं तापच्छेदनिघर्षणैः ।
परीक्षेत तथा शिष्यानीक्षेत्कुलगुणादिभिः ॥४३॥

43. yathā hi kanakaṁ śuddhaṁ tāpacchedanigharṣaṇaiḥ ,
parīkṣeta tathā śiṣyānīkṣetkulaguṇādibhiḥ.

43. yathā hi kanakaṃ śuddhaṃ tāpacchedanigharṣaṇaiḥ
parīkṣeta tathā śiṣyān īkṣet kulaguṇādibhiḥ

43. yathā hi śuddhaṃ kanakaṃ tāpacchedanigharṣaṇaiḥ
parīkṣeta tathā kulaguṇādibhiḥ śiṣyān īkṣet

43. Just as pure gold is indeed tested by heating, cutting, and rubbing, similarly one should examine students through their family background, qualities, and other relevant attributes.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• कनकं (kanakaṁ) - gold

• शुद्धं (śuddhaṁ) - pure, clean

• तापच्छेदनिघर्षणैः (tāpacchedanigharṣaṇaiḥ) - by heating, cutting, and rubbing

• परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - one should test, one should examine

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

• शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - students, disciples

• ईक्षेत् (īkṣet) - one should observe, one should examine

• कुलगुणादिभिः (kulaguṇādibhiḥ) - by family, qualities, etc.; by lineage, character, and other attributes

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as, as

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

कनकं (kanakaṁ) - gold

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kanaka

kanaka - gold, golden

शुद्धं (śuddhaṁ) - pure, clean

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear, stainless

Past Passive Participle

From root śudh + kta

Root: śudh (class 4)

तापच्छेदनिघर्षणैः (tāpacchedanigharṣaṇaiḥ) - by heating, cutting, and rubbing

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tāpacchedanigharṣaṇa

tāpacchedanigharṣaṇa - heating, cutting, and rubbing (the three tests for gold purity)

Compound type : dvandva (tāpa+ccheda+nigharṣaṇa)

• tāpa – heat, heating, pain
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap
  Root: tap (class 1)
• ccheda – cutting, division, breaking
  noun (masculine)
  From root chid
  Root: chid (class 7)
• nigharṣaṇa – rubbing, friction, abrasion
  noun (neuter)
  From ni-ghṛṣ + lyuṭ
  Prefix: ni
  Root: ghṛṣ (class 1)

परीक्षेत (parīkṣeta) - one should test, one should examine

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of parīkṣ

Prefix: pari

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

शिष्यान् (śiṣyān) - students, disciples

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣya

śiṣya - student, disciple

Gerundive

From root śās + ya

Root: śās (class 2)

ईक्षेत् (īkṣet) - one should observe, one should examine

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of īkṣ

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कुलगुणादिभिः (kulaguṇādibhiḥ) - by family, qualities, etc.; by lineage, character, and other attributes

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kulaguṇādi

kulaguṇādi - family, qualities, etc.

Compound type : dvandva (kula+guṇa+ādi)

• kula – family, lineage, race, community
  noun (neuter)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, etcetera, and so on
  noun (masculine)