महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-314, verse-22

दिव्यं वर्षसहस्रं हि पादेनैकेन तिष्ठतः ।
देवान्संतापयंस्तत्र महादेवो धृतव्रतः ॥२२॥

22. divyaṁ varṣasahasraṁ hi pādenaikena tiṣṭhataḥ ,
devānsaṁtāpayaṁstatra mahādevo dhṛtavrataḥ.

22. divyam varṣasahasram hi pādena ekena tiṣṭhataḥ
devān santāpayan tatra mahādevaḥ dhṛtavrataḥ

22. mahādevaḥ dhṛtavrataḥ hi divyam varṣasahasram
pādena ekena tiṣṭhataḥ tatra devān santāpayan

22. Indeed, for a divine thousand years, standing on one foot, the great god (mahādevaḥ), having undertaken a vow, tormented the gods there.

Words meanings summery:

• दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly

• वर्षसहस्रम् (varṣasahasram) - a thousand years

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• पादेन (pādena) - by foot, with a foot

• एकेन (ekena) - by one, with one

• तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - of one standing, while standing

• देवान् (devān) - gods

• सन्तापयन् (santāpayan) - tormenting, afflicting

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the great god (Shiva)

• धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who has undertaken a vow, resolute

Words meanings and morphology

दिव्यम् (divyam) - divine, heavenly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of divya

divya - divine, heavenly, celestial

वर्षसहस्रम् (varṣasahasram) - a thousand years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

पादेन (pādena) - by foot, with a foot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pāda

pāda - foot, leg, quarter, ray, line of verse

एकेन (ekena) - by one, with one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, united

तिष्ठतः (tiṣṭhataḥ) - of one standing, while standing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, remaining

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root sthā (to stand)

Root: √sthā (class 1)

देवान् (devān) - gods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, heavenly being

सन्तापयन् (santāpayan) - tormenting, afflicting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santāpayat

santāpayat - tormenting, afflicting, causing pain

Present Active Participle (Causative)

Derived from √tap (to heat, suffer) with prefix saṃ- (causative stem)

Prefix: saṃ-

Root: √tap (class 10)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the great god (Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - great god (often referring to Shiva)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+deva)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)

धृतव्रतः (dhṛtavrataḥ) - one who has undertaken a vow, resolute

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtavrata

dhṛtavrata - one who has undertaken a vow, firm in a vow, resolute

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dhṛta+vrata)

• dhṛta – held, borne, undertaken, firm
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √dhṛ (to hold, bear)
  Root: √dhṛ (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)