महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-272, verse-43

तमाविष्टमथो ज्ञात्वा ऋषयो देवतास्तथा ।
स्तुवन्तः शक्रमीशानं तथा प्राचोदयन्नपि ॥४३॥

43. tamāviṣṭamatho jñātvā ṛṣayo devatāstathā ,
stuvantaḥ śakramīśānaṁ tathā prācodayannapi.

43. tam āviṣṭam atha u jñātvā ṛṣayaḥ devatāḥ tathā
stuvantaḥ śakram īśānam tathā prācodayan api

43. atha u ṛṣayaḥ tathā devatāḥ tam āviṣṭam jñātvā
śakram īśānam stuvantaḥ tathā api prācodayan

43. Having thus known him to be divinely empowered, the sages and deities, praising Indra, the Lord, also urged him on.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आविष्टम् (āviṣṭam) - entered, possessed, imbued, divinely inspired

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• उ (u) - indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, understanding

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages, seers

• देवताः (devatāḥ) - the deities, gods

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, and, thus

• स्तुवन्तः (stuvantaḥ) - praising, extolling

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra, the mighty one

• ईशानम् (īśānam) - the lord, the ruler

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, and, thus

• प्राचोदयन् (prācodayan) - they urged, they incited, they encouraged

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आविष्टम् (āviṣṭam) - entered, possessed, imbued, divinely inspired

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āviṣṭa

āviṣṭa - entered, possessed, imbued, pervaded

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root 'viś' with prefix 'ā-'

Prefix: ā

Root: viś (class 6)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

particle indicating sequence or introduction

उ (u) - indeed, certainly (particle of emphasis)

(indeclinable)

particle, often combined with 'atha' to form 'atho'

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, knowing, understanding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Absolutive form from root 'jñā'

Root: jñā (class 9)

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - the sages, seers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

देवताः (devatāḥ) - the deities, gods

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of devatā

devatā - deity, god, divinity

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, and, thus

(indeclinable)

adverbial particle

स्तुवन्तः (stuvantaḥ) - praising, extolling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of stuvat

stuvat - praising, extolling

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root 'stu' (to praise), nominative plural masculine

Root: stu (class 2)

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra, the mighty one

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, the mighty one, strong, powerful

Accusative singular masculine form of 'śakra', an epithet of Indra

ईशानम् (īśānam) - the lord, the ruler

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of īśāna

īśāna - lord, master, ruler, mighty

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root 'īś' (to rule, to be master of), accusative singular masculine

Root: īś (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, so, and, thus

(indeclinable)

adverbial particle

प्राचोदयन् (prācodayan) - they urged, they incited, they encouraged

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pracud

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person plural; root 'cud' (10th class) with prefix 'pra-'

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

particle adding emphasis or inclusion