महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-272, verse-16

पितामहपुरोगाश्च सर्वे देवगणास्तथा ।
ऋषयश्च महाभागास्तद्युद्धं द्रष्टुमागमन् ॥१६॥

16. pitāmahapurogāśca sarve devagaṇāstathā ,
ṛṣayaśca mahābhāgāstadyuddhaṁ draṣṭumāgaman.

16. pitāmahapurogāḥ ca sarve devagaṇāḥ tathā ṛṣayaḥ
ca mahābhāgāḥ tat yuddham draṣṭum āgaman

16. pitāmahapurogāḥ ca sarve devagaṇāḥ tathā
mahābhāgāḥ ṛṣayaḥ ca tat yuddham draṣṭum āgaman

16. And all the hosts of gods, led by the Grandfather Brahmā (Pitāmaha), as well as the illustrious sages, came to witness that battle.

Words meanings summery:

• पितामहपुरोगाः (pitāmahapurogāḥ) - led by the Grandfather Brahmā (Pitāmaha) (led by Brahmā, having Brahmā as the foremost)

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods (hosts of gods, groups of deities)

• तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, in that manner, also)

• ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (sages, seers)

• च (ca) - and

• महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - illustrious (sages) (great-souled, illustrious, fortunate)

• तत् (tat) - that (battle) (that)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to witness (to see, to witness)

• आगमन् (āgaman) - came (they came, they arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

पितामहपुरोगाः (pitāmahapurogāḥ) - led by the Grandfather Brahmā (Pitāmaha) (led by Brahmā, having Brahmā as the foremost)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitāmahapuroga

pitāmahapuroga - having Pitāmaha (Brahmā) as the leader/foremost

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pitāmaha+puras+ga)

• pitāmaha – grandfather; Brahmā (Pitāmaha)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
  Preposition/adverb
• ga – going, moving, leading
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix from root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'devagaṇāḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'devagaṇāḥ'.

देवगणाः (devagaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods (hosts of gods, groups of deities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of devagaṇa

devagaṇa - host of gods, group of deities

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+gaṇa)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• gaṇa – group, host, troop, collection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'āgaman'.

तथा (tathā) - as well as, also (thus, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

ऋषयः (ṛṣayaḥ) - sages (sages, seers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - seer, sage, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Another subject of 'āgaman'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - illustrious (sages) (great-souled, illustrious, fortunate)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly esteemed, illustrious, noble, great-souled, fortunate

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'bhāga' (portion, fortune, share).

Compound type : karmadhāraya / bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhāga – portion, share, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhaj (to divide, to obtain)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'ṛṣayaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - that (battle) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'yuddham'.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root yudh- (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of infinitive 'draṣṭum'.

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to witness (to see, to witness)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose.

आगमन् (āgaman) - came (they came, they arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ā√gam

Imperfect, 3rd person, plural, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subjects are 'devagaṇāḥ' and 'ṛṣayaḥ'.