महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-49

अधनं दुर्बलं प्राहुर्धनेन बलवान्भवेत् ।
सर्वं धनवतः प्राप्यं सर्वं तरति कोशवान् ।
कोशाद्धर्मश्च कामश्च परो लोकस्तथाप्ययम् ॥४९॥

49. adhanaṁ durbalaṁ prāhurdhanena balavānbhavet ,
sarvaṁ dhanavataḥ prāpyaṁ sarvaṁ tarati kośavān ,
kośāddharmaśca kāmaśca paro lokastathāpyayam.

49. adhanam durbalam prāhuḥ dhanena balavān
bhavet sarvam dhanavataḥ prāpyam
sarvam tarati kośavān kośāt dharmaḥ
ca kāmaḥ ca paraḥ lokaḥ tathā api ayam

49. adhanam durbalam prāhuḥ dhanena balavān
bhavet dhanavataḥ sarvam prāpyam
kośavān sarvam tarati kośāt dharmaḥ
ca kāmaḥ ca paraḥ lokaḥ tathā ayam api

49. It is said that a moneyless person is weak; one becomes powerful through wealth. Everything is attainable for the wealthy, and he who possesses a treasury overcomes all. From wealth arise both righteousness (dharma) and desire (kāma), as well as the higher world and this very one.

Words meanings summery:

• अधनम् (adhanam) - one who is without wealth (moneyless, poor, without wealth)

• दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - weak (referring to a moneyless person) (weak, feeble, powerless)

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - people declare (they say, they declare)

• धनेन (dhanena) - through the possession of wealth (by wealth, with wealth)

• बलवान् (balavān) - a person who is powerful (strong, powerful)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - one becomes (may be, should be, becomes, might become)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all things, everything (all, everything, the whole)

• धनवतः (dhanavataḥ) - for the person who possesses wealth (of the wealthy, for the wealthy person)

• प्राप्यम् (prāpyam) - something that can be attained (attainable, to be obtained, reachable)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all things, every obstacle (all, everything, the whole)

• तरति (tarati) - overcomes all obstacles (crosses over, overcomes, transcends, passes)

• कोशवान् (kośavān) - the person who has a treasury (or wealth) (one who possesses a treasury, wealthy)

• कोशात् (kośāt) - originating from the possession of wealth (from the treasury, from wealth)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, moral law, proper conduct (righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire, sensual pleasure (desire, wish, love, pleasure, purpose)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परः (paraḥ) - the higher (world) (higher, supreme, other, next)

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world (referring to a realm of existence) (world, realm, people, community)

• तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• अपि (api) - and even (also, even, too)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (world) (this, this one)

Words meanings and morphology

अधनम् (adhanam) - one who is without wealth (moneyless, poor, without wealth)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhana

adhana - moneyless, poor, destitute, without wealth

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+dhana)

• a – not, un-, without (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
  Negating prefix
• dhana – wealth, riches, property, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Accusative singular, acting as a substantive for an implied 'person'.

दुर्बलम् (durbalam) - weak (referring to a moneyless person) (weak, feeble, powerless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless, infirm

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+bala)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular, agreeing with 'adhanam'.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - people declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present active 3rd plural

Derived from root 'brū' (2nd class). Used here as 3rd plural present active.

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

धनेन (dhanena) - through the possession of wealth (by wealth, with wealth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Indicates means or instrument.

बलवान् (balavān) - a person who is powerful (strong, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

Derived from 'bala' (strength) + 'matup' suffix (possessing).

Note: Functions as the subject of 'bhavet', referring to an implied 'one'.

भवेत् (bhavet) - one becomes (may be, should be, becomes, might become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of bhū

Optative active 3rd singular

Derived from root 'bhū' (1st class).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses a general truth or potential.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all things, everything (all, everything, the whole)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Functions as the object of 'prāpyam'.

धनवतः (dhanavataḥ) - for the person who possesses wealth (of the wealthy, for the wealthy person)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhanavat

dhanavat - wealthy, rich, possessing money

Derived from 'dhana' (wealth) + 'matup' suffix (possessing).

Note: Expresses purpose or relation ("for the wealthy").

प्राप्यम् (prāpyam) - something that can be attained (attainable, to be obtained, reachable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpya

prāpya - to be obtained, attainable, reachable, acquireable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From pra + āp + ya (suffix for gerundive).

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Implies "is attainable".

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all things, every obstacle (all, everything, the whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Functions as the object of 'tarati'.

तरति (tarati) - overcomes all obstacles (crosses over, overcomes, transcends, passes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tṛ

Present active 3rd singular

Derived from root 'tṛ' (1st class).

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject is 'kośavān'.

कोशवान् (kośavān) - the person who has a treasury (or wealth) (one who possesses a treasury, wealthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kośavat

kośavat - possessing a treasury, rich, wealthy

Derived from 'kośa' (treasury) + 'matup' suffix (possessing).

Note: Subject of 'tarati'.

कोशात् (kośāt) - originating from the possession of wealth (from the treasury, from wealth)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, store, fund, sheath, box

Root: kuś (class 1)

Note: Indicates source or origin.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteousness, moral law, proper conduct (righteousness, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, justice, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law

From root dhṛ (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: One of the objects that arises from 'kośa'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'dharmaḥ' and 'kāmaḥ'.

कामः (kāmaḥ) - desire, sensual pleasure (desire, wish, love, pleasure, purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, longing, love, pleasure, object of desire

From root kam (to desire).

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Another object arising from 'kośa'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kāmaḥ' with what follows.

परः (paraḥ) - the higher (world) (higher, supreme, other, next)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, higher, supreme, future, distant

Note: Modifies 'lokaḥ'.

लोकः (lokaḥ) - the world (referring to a realm of existence) (world, realm, people, community)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, universe, people, community, space

From root lok (to see, perceive).

Root: lok (class 10)

Note: One of the things that arise from 'kośa'.

तथा (tathā) - and also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Joins the subsequent elements.

अपि (api) - and even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions with 'tathā' to mean "and also".

अयम् (ayam) - this (world) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Masculine nominative singular form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'.

Note: Refers to "this world," implied 'lokaḥ'.