महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-40

उपमामत्र वक्ष्यामि धर्मतत्त्वप्रकाशिनीम् ।
यूपं छिन्दन्ति यज्ञार्थं तत्र ये परिपन्थिनः ॥४०॥

40. upamāmatra vakṣyāmi dharmatattvaprakāśinīm ,
yūpaṁ chindanti yajñārthaṁ tatra ye paripanthinaḥ.

40. upamām atra vakṣyāmi dharmatatṭvaprakāśinīm
yūpam chindanti yajñārtham tatra ye paripanthinaḥ

40. atra dharmatatṭvaprakāśinīm upamām vakṣyāmi (yathā janāḥ) yajñārtham yūpam chindanti tatra ye paripanthinaḥ (सन्ति,
ते अपि धर्मविघ्नकारिणः सन्ति)

40. Here I will provide an illustration that illuminates the essence of natural law (dharma). For example, people cut a sacrificial post (yūpa) for the sake of a ritual offering (yajña). Those who obstruct this act are indeed hindrances (paripanthinaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• उपमाम् (upamām) - an illustration (simile, illustration, comparison)

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

• वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will provide (I will speak, I will tell)

• धर्मतत्ट्वप्रकाशिनीम् (dharmatatṭvaprakāśinīm) - that illuminates the essence of natural law (dharma) (illuminating the essence of dharma, revealing the truth of dharma)

• यूपम् (yūpam) - a sacrificial post (yūpa) (sacrificial post)

• छिन्दन्ति (chindanti) - they cut (they cut, they sever)

• यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the sake of a ritual offering (yajña) (for the purpose of sacrifice, for a ritual offering)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that (act) (there, in that place/matter)

• ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

• परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - are indeed hindrances or obstructors (obstructors, enemies, highwaymen, adversaries)

Words meanings and morphology

उपमाम् (upamām) - an illustration (simile, illustration, comparison)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of upamā

upamā - simile, comparison, illustration

Prefix: upa

Root: mā (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्यामि (vakṣyāmi) - I will provide (I will speak, I will tell)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

future tense

Future tense of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

धर्मतत्ट्वप्रकाशिनीम् (dharmatatṭvaprakāśinīm) - that illuminates the essence of natural law (dharma) (illuminating the essence of dharma, revealing the truth of dharma)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharmatatṭvaprakāśinī

dharmatatṭvaprakāśin - illuminating the essence of natural law

Feminine form of -prakāśin (agent noun from pra-kāś 'to shine')

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+tattva+prakāśin)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• tattva – essence, truth, reality, principle
  noun (neuter)
• prakāśin – illuminating, shining, revealing
  adjective
  Agent Noun
  Agent noun from pra-kāś 'to shine, reveal'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'upamām'.

यूपम् (yūpam) - a sacrificial post (yūpa) (sacrificial post)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yūpa

yūpa - sacrificial post, stake

Root: yup (class 1)

छिन्दन्ति (chindanti) - they cut (they cut, they sever)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of chid

present tense

Root: chid (class 7)

यज्ञार्थम् (yajñārtham) - for the sake of a ritual offering (yajña) (for the purpose of sacrifice, for a ritual offering)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yajña+artha)

• yajña – ritual offering, sacrifice, worship
  noun (masculine)
  Root: yaj (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

तत्र (tatra) - in that (act) (there, in that place/matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative of tad

ये (ye) - those who (who, those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

परिपन्थिनः (paripanthinaḥ) - are indeed hindrances or obstructors (obstructors, enemies, highwaymen, adversaries)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paripanthin

paripanthin - obstructor, enemy, highwayman

From pari-panth (path), one who obstructs the path

Prefix: pari

Root: panth