महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-25

आपद्गतेन धर्माणामन्यायेनोपजीवनम् ।
अपि ह्येतद्ब्राह्मणेषु दृष्टं वृत्तिपरिक्षये ॥२५॥

25. āpadgatena dharmāṇāmanyāyenopajīvanam ,
api hyetadbrāhmaṇeṣu dṛṣṭaṁ vṛttiparikṣaye.

25. āpadgatena dharmāṇām anyāyena upajīvanam |
api hi etat brāhmaṇeṣu dṛṣṭam vṛttiparikṣaye

25. āpadgatena dharmāṇām anyāyena upajīvanam
vṛttiparikṣaye brāhmaṇeṣu etat api hi dṛṣṭam

25. When one is in distress, subsisting by means contrary to natural law (dharma) — even this has been observed among Brahmins when their livelihood is completely lost.

Words meanings summery:

• आपद्गतेन (āpadgatena) - by one who has fallen into distress, by one afflicted by calamity

• धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of duties, of laws, of righteousness, of intrinsic nature (dharma)

• अन्यायेन (anyāyena) - by injustice, by unlawful means, by impropriety

• उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - living, subsisting, livelihood, means of sustenance

• अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• एतत् (etat) - this, that

• ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brahmins, in Brahmins

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, perceived

• वृत्तिपरिक्षये (vṛttiparikṣaye) - in the loss of livelihood, when livelihood is exhausted

Words meanings and morphology

आपद्गतेन (āpadgatena) - by one who has fallen into distress, by one afflicted by calamity

(adjective)

Instrumental, singular of āpadgata

āpadgata - fallen into distress, afflicted by calamity

Past Passive Participle

Formed from āpad (calamity) + gata (gone), from root gam (to go) with prefix ā.

Compound type : tatpurusha (āpad+gata)

• āpad – calamity, distress, misfortune
  noun (feminine)
• gata – gone, arrived, obtained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implicit masculine subject.

धर्माणाम् (dharmāṇām) - of duties, of laws, of righteousness, of intrinsic nature (dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution

From root dhṛ (to uphold, to support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

अन्यायेन (anyāyena) - by injustice, by unlawful means, by impropriety

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of anyāya

anyāya - injustice, impropriety, unlawfulness, wrong method

Formed by adding negative prefix 'a' to nyāya.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+nyāya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logic
  noun (masculine)

उपजीवनम् (upajīvanam) - living, subsisting, livelihood, means of sustenance

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of upajīvana

upajīvana - living, livelihood, means of subsistence

Verbal Noun

Derived from the root jīv (to live) with the prefix upa.

Prefix: upa

Root: jīv (class 1)

अपि (api) - even, also, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

ब्राह्मणेषु (brāhmaṇeṣu) - among Brahmins, in Brahmins

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, related to Brahman, one belonging to the priestly class

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

वृत्तिपरिक्षये (vṛttiparikṣaye) - in the loss of livelihood, when livelihood is exhausted

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vṛttiparikṣaya

vṛttiparikṣaya - loss of livelihood, exhaustion of means of sustenance

Compound type : tatpurusha (vṛtti+parikṣaya)

• vṛtti – livelihood, existence, profession
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to exist, to turn).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• parikṣaya – loss, destruction, exhaustion, decay
  noun (masculine)
  Verbal Noun
  From root kṣi (to waste, to destroy) with prefix pari.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kṣi (class 1)