महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-12

कोशं संजनयेद्राजा निर्जलेभ्यो यथा जलम् ।
कालं प्राप्यानुगृह्णीयादेष धर्मोऽत्र सांप्रतम् ॥१२॥

12. kośaṁ saṁjanayedrājā nirjalebhyo yathā jalam ,
kālaṁ prāpyānugṛhṇīyādeṣa dharmo'tra sāṁpratam.

12. kośam saṃjanayet rājā nirjalebhyas yathā jalam
kālam prāpya anugṛhṇīyāt eṣaḥ dharmaḥ atra sāmpratam

12. rājā nirjalebhyas jalam yathā kośam saṃjanayet
kālam prāpya anugṛhṇīyāt eṣaḥ dharmaḥ atra sāmpratam

12. Just as one should provide water to the waterless, so should a king (rājā) generate his treasury. Having seized the opportune moment, he should bestow benefits; this is indeed the appropriate natural law (dharma) here and now.

Words meanings summery:

• कोशम् (kośam) - his treasury (treasury, fund, collection)

• संजनयेत् (saṁjanayet) - should generate (should generate, should produce, should create)

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

• निर्जलेभ्यस् (nirjalebhyas) - to those without water (to the waterless, for those without water, from the waterless regions)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• जलम् (jalam) - water

• कालम् (kālam) - the opportune moment (time, proper time, moment)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having seized (having reached, having obtained, having seized)

• अनुगृह्णीयात् (anugṛhṇīyāt) - should bestow benefits (should favor, should bestow grace, should benefit)

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this, this one)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution)

• अत्र (atra) - here (in this situation) (here, in this place, in this matter)

• साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - appropriate now (proper, suitable, current, now)

Words meanings and morphology

कोशम् (kośam) - his treasury (treasury, fund, collection)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine/neuter, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, store-room, casket, sheath, budget

Root: kuś

Note: Object of saṃjanayet.

संजनयेत् (saṁjanayet) - should generate (should generate, should produce, should create)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃjan

Optative mood

From sam- + root jan (to be born, produce), causative sense implied. Optative 3rd singular Parasmaipada.

Prefix: sam

Root: jan (class 4)

राजा (rājā) - a king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

N-stem noun

Root: rāj

Note: Subject of saṃjanayet.

निर्जलेभ्यस् (nirjalebhyas) - to those without water (to the waterless, for those without water, from the waterless regions)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, plural of nirjala

nirjala - without water, waterless, arid

Compound of nis- (without) + jala (water)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nis+jala)

• nis – without, out of, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• jala – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dative plural indicates 'to/for those without water'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial particle

जलम् (jalam) - water

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jala

jala - water

Root: jal (class 1)

Note: Object of implied verb 'gives'.

कालम् (kālam) - the opportune moment (time, proper time, moment)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, opportune moment

Root: kal

Note: Object of prāpya.

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having seized (having reached, having obtained, having seized)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from prefix pra- + root āp (to obtain) + lyap suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

अनुगृह्णीयात् (anugṛhṇīyāt) - should bestow benefits (should favor, should bestow grace, should benefit)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of anugrah

Optative mood

From anu- + root grah (to seize, take), optative 3rd singular Parasmaipada.

Prefix: anu

Root: grah (class 9)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the preceding statement.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - the natural law (dharma) (duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion, intrinsic quality

Derived from root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for eṣaḥ.

अत्र (atra) - here (in this situation) (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative of demonstrative stem a-

साम्प्रतम् (sāmpratam) - appropriate now (proper, suitable, current, now)

(indeclinable)

Derived from sam- + prati + aṇa suffix, often used adverbially.