महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-43

धनेन जयते लोकावुभौ परमिमं तथा ।
सत्यं च धर्मवचनं यथा नास्त्यधनस्तथा ॥४३॥

43. dhanena jayate lokāvubhau paramimaṁ tathā ,
satyaṁ ca dharmavacanaṁ yathā nāstyadhanastathā.

43. dhanena jayate lokau ubhau param imam tathā satyaṃ
ca dharmavacanaṃ yathā na asti adhanaḥ tathā

43. dhanena ubhau imam param lokau jayate ca satyaṃ
dharmavacanaṃ (api) yathā adhanaḥ na asti tathā (na asti)

43. By wealth, one conquers both this world and the other (world). And truth and the pronouncement of (natural law) dharma (natural law) are (valued) just as a person without wealth is not (valued).

Words meanings summery:

• धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, by riches

• जयते (jayate) - is conquered, achieved (one conquers, is conquered, wins)

• लोकौ (lokau) - this world and the other world (two worlds, both worlds)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• परम् (param) - the other (world) (the other, supreme, subsequent)

• इमम् (imam) - this (world) (this, this one)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, and (thus, so, similarly, and)

• सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth, true

• च (ca) - and

• धर्मवचनं (dharmavacanaṁ) - word of dharma, statement of natural law

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• अधनः (adhanaḥ) - poor, penniless, one without wealth

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

Words meanings and morphology

धनेन (dhanena) - by wealth, by riches

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of dhana

dhana - wealth, riches, property, money

From root 'dhā' (to place, possess).

Root: dhā (class 3)

जयते (jayate) - is conquered, achieved (one conquers, is conquered, wins)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ji

Present middle indicative

Root 'ji' (1st class, bhvādigaṇa).

Root: ji (class 1)

लोकौ (lokau) - this world and the other world (two worlds, both worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of loka

loka - world, region, universe, people

From root 'lok' (to see).

Root: lok (class 1)

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both, two

Always dual.

परम् (param) - the other (world) (the other, supreme, subsequent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of para

para - other, subsequent, supreme, distant

इमम् (imam) - this (world) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, and (thus, so, similarly, and)

(indeclinable)

सत्यं (satyaṁ) - truth, true

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - true, real, truth, reality

From 'sat' (being, existing).

Root: as (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

धर्मवचनं (dharmavacanaṁ) - word of dharma, statement of natural law

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dharmavacana

dharmavacana - a statement about dharma, a moral precept, religious doctrine

Compound of 'dharma' and 'vacana'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vacana)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vacana – speaking, saying, word, statement
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun from 'vac'
  From root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix 'ana'.
  Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Relates to 'tathā'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present active indicative

Root 'as' (2nd class, adādigana).

Root: as (class 2)

अधनः (adhanaḥ) - poor, penniless, one without wealth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhana

adhana - without wealth, poor, indigent

Negative compound 'a-' + 'dhana'.

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrīhi (a+dhana)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dhana – wealth, riches, property, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used substantively as 'a penniless person'.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that way

(indeclinable)

Correlates with 'yathā'.