महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-34

धिक्तस्य जीवितं राज्ञो राष्ट्रे यस्यावसीदति ।
अवृत्त्यान्त्यमनुष्योऽपि यो वै वेद शिबेर्वचः ॥३४॥

34. dhiktasya jīvitaṁ rājño rāṣṭre yasyāvasīdati ,
avṛttyāntyamanuṣyo'pi yo vai veda śibervacaḥ.

34. dhik tasya jīvitam rājñaḥ rāṣṭre yasya avasīdati
avṛttyā antyamanuṣyaḥ api yaḥ vai veda śibeḥ vacaḥ

34. dhik tasya rājñaḥ jīvitam yasya rāṣṭre avṛttyā
antyamanuṣyaḥ api avasīdati yaḥ vai śibeḥ vacaḥ veda

34. Shame upon the life of that king in whose realm even the lowest person suffers due to a lack of livelihood, especially if that king indeed knows the teachings of Śibi.

Words meanings summery:

• धिक् (dhik) - shame upon (fie, shame, woe, curse)

• तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) (of him, of that)

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

• राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the realm (in the kingdom, in the realm)

• यस्य (yasya) - in whose (realm) (whose, of whom)

• अवसीदति (avasīdati) - suffers, declines (sinks down, fails, suffers, declines)

• अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - due to a lack of livelihood (by lack of livelihood, by unemployment, by non-existence)

• अन्त्यमनुष्यः (antyamanuṣyaḥ) - even the lowest person (the lowest man, outcast, humble person)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• यः (yaḥ) - if he (the king) (who, which)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

• वेद (veda) - he knows (he knows, he understands)

• शिबेः (śibeḥ) - of Śibi (of Śibi (a king's name))

• वचः (vacaḥ) - teachings (word, speech, saying, teaching)

Words meanings and morphology

धिक् (dhik) - shame upon (fie, shame, woe, curse)

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - of that (king) (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Genitive singular masculine of tad.

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life (life, living)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, living, livelihood

Past Passive Participle (used as a noun)

From root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Object of 'dhik'.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Possessive, agreeing with 'tasya'.

राष्ट्रे (rāṣṭre) - in the realm (in the kingdom, in the realm)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of rāṣṭra

rāṣṭra - kingdom, realm, country, nation

यस्य (yasya) - in whose (realm) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Genitive singular masculine/neuter of relative pronoun yad.

Note: Connects the clause 'in whose realm' to 'that king'.

अवसीदति (avasīdati) - suffers, declines (sinks down, fails, suffers, declines)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avasīd

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

From root sad (to sit) with prefix ava- (down), 3rd person singular.

Prefix: ava

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'antyamanuṣyaḥ'.

अवृत्त्या (avṛttyā) - due to a lack of livelihood (by lack of livelihood, by unemployment, by non-existence)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of avṛtti

avṛtti - want of livelihood, non-existence, non-activity

Compound of a- (negation) + vṛtti (livelihood)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vṛtti)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• vṛtti – livelihood, existence, activity, profession
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, to exist)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause of suffering.

अन्त्यमनुष्यः (antyamanuṣyaḥ) - even the lowest person (the lowest man, outcast, humble person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antyamanuṣya

antyamanuṣya - the lowest man, a man of low caste, an outcast

Compound of antya (last, lowest) + manuṣya (man)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (antya+manuṣya)

• antya – last, ultimate, lowest, inferior
  adjective
• manuṣya – man, human being, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'avasīdati'.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'antyamanuṣyaḥ'.

यः (yaḥ) - if he (the king) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Nominative singular masculine of relative pronoun yad.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

वेद (veda) - he knows (he knows, he understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

Root vid (class 2, irregular veda form), 3rd person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'yaḥ'.

शिबेः (śibeḥ) - of Śibi (of Śibi (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śibi

śibi - Name of a king famous for his generosity and adherence to dharma

वचः (vacaḥ) - teachings (word, speech, saying, teaching)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, advice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'veda'.