महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-128, verse-47

न च राज्यसमो धर्मः कश्चिदस्ति परंतप ।
धर्मं शंसन्ति ते राज्ञामापदर्थमितोऽन्यथा ॥४७॥

47. na ca rājyasamo dharmaḥ kaścidasti paraṁtapa ,
dharmaṁ śaṁsanti te rājñāmāpadarthamito'nyathā.

47. na ca rājyasamaḥ dharmaḥ kaścit asti paraṃtapa
dharmam śaṃsanti te rājñām āpadartham itaḥ anyathā

47. paraṃtapa,
ca kaścit rājyasamaḥ dharmaḥ na asti.
te rājñām dharmam āpadartham śaṃsanti; itaḥ anyathā (vadanti).

47. O tormentor of foes, no inherent constitution (dharma) is equal to that of kingship. People praise the king's inherent constitution (dharma) for the purpose of averting calamities; otherwise, they speak differently.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• राज्यसमः (rājyasamaḥ) - equal to kingship, similar to kingdom

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - inherent constitution (intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, law)

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone, something

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - king's inherent constitution (intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, law)

• शंसन्ति (śaṁsanti) - they praise, commend, declare

• ते (te) - people (they)

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• आपदर्थम् (āpadartham) - for the purpose of averting calamities (for the sake of calamity/danger)

• इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence, from this

• अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, in another way

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राज्यसमः (rājyasamaḥ) - equal to kingship, similar to kingdom

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājyasama

rājyasama - equal to a kingdom, equal to kingship

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+sama)

• rājya – kingdom, kingship, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
• sama – equal, similar, like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'dharmaḥ'.

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - inherent constitution (intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - any, someone, something

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścid

kaścid - anyone, someone, any, some

Compound of kim and cid

Note: Used with 'na' for 'no one/nothing/no'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O tormentor of foes

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, oppressor of enemies (epithet for a warrior/king)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – foe, enemy
  noun (neuter)
• tapa – one who heats, torments
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as an epithet for the addressed person.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - king's inherent constitution (intrinsic nature, constitution, duty, righteousness, law)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitution

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of śaṃsanti.

शंसन्ति (śaṁsanti) - they praise, commend, declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of śaṃs

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Subject is 'te' (they/people).

ते (te) - people (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to people in general.

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Possessive, modifying 'dharmam'.

आपदर्थम् (āpadartham) - for the purpose of averting calamities (for the sake of calamity/danger)

(indeclinable)

Compound noun used adverbially in accusative, 'for the purpose of X'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āpad+artha)

• āpad – calamity, misfortune, distress, danger
  noun (feminine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially, indicating purpose.

इतः (itaḥ) - from here, hence, from this

(indeclinable)

Note: Often paired with anyathā to mean 'otherwise from this' or 'different from this'.

अन्यथा (anyathā) - otherwise, differently, in another way

(indeclinable)

Note: Conveys an alternative or contrary condition/statement.