महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-117, verse-8

दत्त्वा च ते सुखप्रश्नं सर्वे यान्ति यथागतम् ।
ग्राम्यस्त्वेकः पशुस्तत्र नाजहाच्छ्वा महामुनिम् ॥८॥

8. dattvā ca te sukhapraśnaṁ sarve yānti yathāgatam ,
grāmyastvekaḥ paśustatra nājahācchvā mahāmunim.

8. dattvā ca te sukhapraśnam sarve yānti yathāgatam
grāmyaḥ tu ekaḥ paśuḥ tatra na ajahāt śvā mahāmunim

8. te sukhapraśnam dattvā ca sarve yathāgatam yānti tu
tatra ekaḥ grāmyaḥ paśuḥ śvā mahāmunim na ajahāt

8. And after offering him a pleasant inquiry, all of them went back the way they came. But one rural animal there, a dog, did not abandon the great sage.

Words meanings summery:

• दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having offered (a greeting) (having given, having offered)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ते (te) - to him (the sage) (to him, by you (plural/honorific), for you (singular))

• सुखप्रश्नम् (sukhapraśnam) - a pleasant inquiry/greeting (a pleasant inquiry, a question about welfare)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (the people who had come to visit) (all (of them))

• यान्ति (yānti) - they returned (they go, they return)

• यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - the way they came (back) (as they came, in the manner they arrived)

• ग्राम्यः (grāmyaḥ) - rural (animal) (rural, village-dwelling, domestic)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

• पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal (animal, cattle, beast)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sage's abode) (there, in that place)

• न (na) - not

• अजहात् (ajahāt) - did not abandon (he did not abandon, he did not leave)

• श्वा (śvā) - a dog

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - the great sage

Words meanings and morphology

दत्त्वा (dattvā) - having offered (a greeting) (having given, having offered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dā with suffix -tvā

Root: dā (class 3)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - to him (the sage) (to him, by you (plural/honorific), for you (singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Dative singular masculine/neuter, or Genitive/Locative singular masculine/neuter.

सुखप्रश्नम् (sukhapraśnam) - a pleasant inquiry/greeting (a pleasant inquiry, a question about welfare)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sukhapraśna

sukhapraśna - a pleasant question, an inquiry about welfare

Compound of sukha (pleasant, well-being) and praśna (question, inquiry). Accusative singular masculine.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (sukha+praśna)

• sukha – pleasure, happiness, well-being
  noun (neuter)
• praśna – question, inquiry
  noun (masculine)
  From pra-√śnā 'to ask'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: śnā (class 9)

Note: Object of 'dattvā'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (the people who had come to visit) (all (of them))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Nominative plural masculine.

Note: Subject of 'yānti'.

यान्ति (yānti) - they returned (they go, they return)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present tense, 3rd person plural, active voice.

Root: yā (class 2)

यथागतम् (yathāgatam) - the way they came (back) (as they came, in the manner they arrived)

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle (gata) combined with indeclinable (yathā)

Adverbial usage of yathā + gata (PPP of √gam). Accusative singular neuter used adverbially.

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (yathā+gata)

• yathā – as, like, in which way
  indeclinable
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Adverbial form, describing how they returned.

ग्राम्यः (grāmyaḥ) - rural (animal) (rural, village-dwelling, domestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of grāmya

grāmya - belonging to a village, rural, wild (of animals), common

Derived from grāma (village). Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Qualifies 'paśuḥ'.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction used for contrast.

एकः (ekaḥ) - one (one, a single)

(numeral)

Note: Qualifies 'paśuḥ'.

पशुः (paśuḥ) - animal (animal, cattle, beast)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśu

paśu - animal, cattle, beast

Nominative singular masculine.

Note: Subject of the second clause.

तत्र (tatra) - there (at the sage's abode) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अजहात् (ajahāt) - did not abandon (he did not abandon, he did not leave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of hā

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Root hā (Juhotyādi class).

Root: hā (class 3)

श्वा (śvā) - a dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

Nominative singular masculine. (Root 'śvan' declension is irregular, ending in 'ā' in nom. sg.)

Note: Synonymous with 'paśuḥ' in this context, specifying the animal.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - the great sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound of mahā (great) and muni (sage). Accusative singular masculine.

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, seer
  noun (masculine)