महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-117, verse-40

ततस्तेन तपःशक्त्या विदितो ज्ञानचक्षुषा ।
विज्ञाय च महाप्राज्ञो मुनिः श्वानं तमुक्तवान् ॥४०॥

40. tatastena tapaḥśaktyā vidito jñānacakṣuṣā ,
vijñāya ca mahāprājño muniḥ śvānaṁ tamuktavān.

40. tataḥ tena tapaḥśaktyā viditaḥ jñānacakṣuṣā
vijñāya ca mahāprājñaḥ muniḥ śvānam tam uktavān

40. tataḥ tena tapaḥśaktyā jñānacakṣuṣā viditaḥ ca
mahāprājñaḥ muniḥ tam śvānam vijñāya uktavān

40. Then, that greatly wise sage, having known (the truth) through the power of his asceticism (tapas) and with his eye of knowledge, spoke to that dog.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• तेन (tena) - by that sage (by him, by that)

• तपःशक्त्या (tapaḥśaktyā) - by the power of asceticism

• विदितः (viditaḥ) - known, understood, perceived

• ज्ञानचक्षुषा (jñānacakṣuṣā) - by the eye of knowledge

• विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

• च (ca) - and, also

• महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - greatly wise, very intelligent

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, seer

• श्वानम् (śvānam) - dog (accusative)

• तम् (tam) - that dog (him, that)

• उक्तवान् (uktavān) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that sage (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Can also be neuter singular instrumental.

तपःशक्त्या (tapaḥśaktyā) - by the power of asceticism

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of tapasśakti

tapasśakti - power of asceticism

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+śakti)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat, religious austerity
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• śakti – power, energy, strength, divine feminine power
  noun (feminine)
  Root: śak (class 5)

विदितः (viditaḥ) - known, understood, perceived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidita

vidita - known, understood, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'vid' (to know) with the suffix 'kta'

Root: vid (class 2)

ज्ञानचक्षुषा (jñānacakṣuṣā) - by the eye of knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of jñānacakṣus

jñānacakṣus - eye of knowledge, spiritual insight

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāna+cakṣus)

• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom, understanding
  noun (neuter)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• cakṣus – eye, sight
  noun (neuter)

विज्ञाय (vijñāya) - having known, having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with prefix 'vi-' and suffix '-ya'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - greatly wise, very intelligent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - very wise, greatly intelligent

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'prajñā' (wisdom)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - sage, ascetic, seer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, seer

श्वानम् (śvānam) - dog (accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

तम् (tam) - that dog (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उक्तवान् (uktavān) - spoke, said

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uktavat

uktavat - having spoken, one who spoke

Past Active Participle

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak) with suffix 'ktavat'

Root: vac (class 2)