महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-117, verse-29

तं दृष्ट्वा सिंहमायान्तं नागः सिंहभयाकुलः ।
ऋषिं शरणमापेदे वेपमानो भयातुरः ॥२९॥

29. taṁ dṛṣṭvā siṁhamāyāntaṁ nāgaḥ siṁhabhayākulaḥ ,
ṛṣiṁ śaraṇamāpede vepamāno bhayāturaḥ.

29. tam dṛṣṭvā siṃham āyāntam nāgaḥ siṃhabhayākulaḥ
ṛṣim śaraṇam āpede vepamānaḥ bhayāturaḥ

29. tam āyāntam siṃham dṛṣṭvā,
siṃhabhayākulaḥ bhayāturaḥ vepamānaḥ nāgaḥ ṛṣim śaraṇam āpede

29. Upon seeing that lion approaching, the serpent, greatly agitated by the fear of the lion, trembling and distressed by fear, sought refuge with the sage.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - referring to the lion (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• सिंहम् (siṁham) - lion

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent, snake

• सिंहभयाकुलः (siṁhabhayākulaḥ) - agitated by fear of the lion

• ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - sage, seer, ascetic

• शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

• आपेदे (āpede) - sought, obtained, reached

• वेपमानः (vepamānaḥ) - trembling, shaking

• भयातुरः (bhayāturaḥ) - distressed by fear, overcome by fear

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - referring to the lion (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to the lion that is approaching.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सिंहम् (siṁham) - lion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of siṃha

siṁha - lion

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ā-yā

yā - to go, to move

Present active participle

From root yā with prefix ā. Active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'siṃham'.

नागः (nāgaḥ) - serpent, snake

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāga

nāga - serpent, snake, cobra; elephant

सिंहभयाकुलः (siṁhabhayākulaḥ) - agitated by fear of the lion

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of siṃhabhayākula

siṁhabhayākula - agitated/disturbed by fear of a lion

Tatpuruṣa compound. 'siṃha-bhaya' (lion-fear) + 'ākula' (agitated).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (siṃha+bhaya+ākula)

• siṃha – lion
  noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ākula – agitated, disturbed, confused
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kul (to collect, to stir) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

ऋषिम् (ṛṣim) - sage, seer, ascetic

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ṛṣi

ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet

Root: ṛṣ (class 1)

शरणम् (śaraṇam) - refuge, shelter, protection

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaraṇa

śaraṇa - refuge, shelter, protection, home, house

From root śṛ (to crush, break) or śri (to lean upon).

Root: śṛ (class 9)

आपेदे (āpede) - sought, obtained, reached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of ā-pad

Perfect middle 3rd singular

From root pad with prefix ā. Middle voice, perfect tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

वेपमानः (vepamānaḥ) - trembling, shaking

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vep

vep - to tremble, to shake

Present middle participle

From root vep. Middle voice.

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'nāgaḥ'.

भयातुरः (bhayāturaḥ) - distressed by fear, overcome by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayātura

bhayātura - distressed by fear, overcome by fear

Tatpuruṣa compound. 'bhaya' (fear) + 'ātura' (distressed).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ātura)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ātura – distressed, sick, afflicted, suffering
  adjective (masculine)
  From root tur (to hasten, be strong) with prefix ā, or derived from a noun ātura meaning sickness.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tur (class 6)