महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-117, verse-13

तं दृष्ट्वा क्रूरमायान्तं जीवितार्थी नराधिप ।
प्रोवाच श्वा मुनिं तत्र यत्तच्छृणु महामते ॥१३॥

13. taṁ dṛṣṭvā krūramāyāntaṁ jīvitārthī narādhipa ,
provāca śvā muniṁ tatra yattacchṛṇu mahāmate.

13. tam dṛṣṭvā krūram āyāntam jīvitārthī narādhipa
provāca śvā munim tatra yat tat śṛṇu mahāmate

13. narādhipa mahāmate,
tam krūram āyāntam dṛṣṭvā jīvitārthī śvā tatra munim provāca yat tat śṛṇu

13. O King, having seen that cruel (creature) approaching, the dog, desiring to save its life, spoke to the sage there. O great-minded one, listen to what he said.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that cruel creature (e.g., a leopard) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

• जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desiring to live, wishing for life

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king of men, O ruler

• प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

• श्वा (śvā) - the dog

• मुनिम् (munim) - to the sage

• तत्र (tatra) - there

• यत् (yat) - what (the dog said) (which, what)

• तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O wise one

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that cruel creature (e.g., a leopard) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + 'ktvā' suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, dreadful

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyānta

āyānta - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

From root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'ā-' + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

जीवितार्थी (jīvitārthī) - desiring to live, wishing for life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvitārthin

jīvitārthin - desiring life, wishing to live

Compound type : tatpurusha (jīvita+arthin)

• jīvita – life, livelihood
  noun (neuter)
• arthin – desiring, seeking, supplicant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'arth' (to seek).
  Root: arth (class 10)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - O king of men, O ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - king of men, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, king
  noun (masculine)

प्रोवाच (provāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense (lit)

From root 'vac' (to speak) with prefix 'pra-', 3rd person singular perfect active.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

श्वा (śvā) - the dog

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śvan

śvan - dog

मुनिम् (munim) - to the sage

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, seer

तत्र (tatra) - there

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - what (the dog said) (which, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

तत् (tat) - that (speech) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative

From root 'śru' (to hear), 2nd person singular imperative active.

Root: śru (class 5)

महामते (mahāmate) - O great-minded one, O wise one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmat

mahāmat - great-minded, wise, intelligent

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+mati)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• mati – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (feminine)