महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-65, verse-32

अतीतकाले दुर्भिक्षे यत्रैत्य पुनराश्रमम् ।
मुनिः पारेति नद्या वै नाम चक्रे तदा प्रभुः ॥३२॥

32. atītakāle durbhikṣe yatraitya punarāśramam ,
muniḥ pāreti nadyā vai nāma cakre tadā prabhuḥ.

32. atītakāle durbhikṣe yatra etya punaḥ āśramam
muniḥ pārā iti nadyāḥ vai nāma cakre tadā prabhuḥ

32. Where, in ancient times during a famine, the powerful sage, having returned to his hermitage, then indeed named that river 'Pārā'.

Words meanings summery:

• अतीतकाले (atītakāle) - in ancient times (in past time, in former times)

• दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) - during a famine (in a famine, in scarcity of food)

• यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

• एत्य (etya) - having returned (having come, having arrived)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, furthermore)

• आश्रमम् (āśramam) - to his hermitage (hermitage, monastic retreat, stage of life)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic, silent one)

• पारा (pārā) - Pārā (the name) (Pārā (name of a river or person), the further bank, limit)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the name) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation))

• नद्याः (nadyāḥ) - of the river

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

• नाम (nāma) - the name (name)

• चक्रे (cakre) - he gave (a name) (he made, he did, he performed)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the powerful one (the sage) (lord, master, powerful one, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

अतीतकाले (atītakāle) - in ancient times (in past time, in former times)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of atītakāla

atītakāla - past time, ancient time

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (atīta+kāla)

• atīta – past, gone, elapsed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ati'.
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)
• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)

दुर्भिक्षे (durbhikṣe) - during a famine (in a famine, in scarcity of food)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of durbhikṣa

durbhikṣa - famine, scarcity, distress from want of food

Derived from prefix 'dur-' (difficult) and 'bhikṣa' (begging, food).

Prefix: dur

Root: bhikṣ (class 1)

यत्र (yatra) - where (where, in which place)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from ya- (relative pronoun).

एत्य (etya) - having returned (having come, having arrived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'ā' and suffix '-ya'. Here, the prefix is assimilated.

Prefix: ā

Root: i (class 2)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, back, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

आश्रमम् (āśramam) - to his hermitage (hermitage, monastic retreat, stage of life)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, retreat, monastic institution, stage of life

Derived from root 'śram' (to toil) with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (sage, ascetic, silent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, holy man

पारा (pārā) - Pārā (the name) (Pārā (name of a river or person), the further bank, limit)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pārā

pārā - Pārā (proper name, especially of a river), the other bank, limit

Feminine form of 'pāra'.

इति (iti) - thus (marking the name) (thus, so, in this manner (marks a quotation))

(indeclinable)

नद्याः (nadyāḥ) - of the river

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - the name (name)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation, title

चक्रे (cakre) - he gave (a name) (he made, he did, he performed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Perfect Middle

Root kṛ (class 8) in perfect tense, 3rd person singular, ātmanepada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from tad- (demonstrative pronoun).

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the powerful one (the sage) (lord, master, powerful one, mighty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, powerful, mighty, king

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)