योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-32

द्विविधो भवति प्रष्टा तत्त्वज्ञोऽज्ञोऽथवापि च ।
अज्ञस्याज्ञतया देयो ज्ञस्य तु ज्ञतयोत्तरः ॥ ३२ ॥

dvividho bhavati praṣṭā tattvajño'jño'thavāpi ca ,
ajñasyājñatayā deyo jñasya tu jñatayottaraḥ 32

32. dvividhaḥ bhavati praṣṭā tattvajñaḥ ajñaḥ athavā api
ca ajñasya ajñatayā deyaḥ jñasya tu jñatayā uttaraḥ

32. praṣṭā dvividhaḥ bhavati: tattvajñaḥ athavā api ca ajñaḥ.
ajñasya ajñatayā deyaḥ,
tu jñasya jñatayā uttaraḥ (deyaḥ).

32. A questioner is of two types: either one who comprehends the truth (tattvajña) or one who is ignorant. To the ignorant, an answer should be given in a manner suitable to their ignorance, but to the knower, the answer should be given in a manner suitable to their knowledge.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विविधः (dvividhaḥ) - of two kinds, twofold

• भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

• प्रष्टा (praṣṭā) - questioner, inquirer

• तत्त्वज्ञः (tattvajñaḥ) - one who comprehends truth (tattvajña) (knower of truth, one who comprehends truth)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, unknowing

• अथवा (athavā) - or, alternatively

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• च (ca) - and

• अज्ञस्य (ajñasya) - to the ignorant, of the ignorant

• अज्ञतया (ajñatayā) - by ignorance, according to ignorance

• देयः (deyaḥ) - to be given, should be given

• ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - to the knower, of the knower

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• ज्ञतया (jñatayā) - by knowledge, according to knowledge

• उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - answer, reply

Words meanings and morphology

द्विविधः (dvividhaḥ) - of two kinds, twofold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvividha

dvividha - of two kinds, twofold

Compound of dvi (two) and vidha (kind)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dvi+vidha)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  From root vidh (to arrange)
  Root: vidh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'praṣṭā'.

भवति (bhavati) - is, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रष्टा (praṣṭā) - questioner, inquirer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṣṭṛ

praṣṭṛ - questioner, inquirer

Agent noun

From pra + root prach (to ask)

Prefix: pra

Root: prach (class 6)

तत्त्वज्ञः (tattvajñaḥ) - one who comprehends truth (tattvajña) (knower of truth, one who comprehends truth)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tattvajña

tattvajña - knower of truth, one who knows reality

Compound of tattva (truth, reality) and jña (knower)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, principle
  noun (neuter)
  From tad (that) + tva (suffix)
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: One of the two types of questioners.

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, unknowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, fool

Compound of a (not) + jña (knower)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: One of the two types of questioners.

अथवा (athavā) - or, alternatively

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Particle

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

अज्ञस्य (ajñasya) - to the ignorant, of the ignorant

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, unknowing, fool

Compound of a (not) + jña (knower)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• jña – knowing, wise, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jñā (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as dative for 'to the ignorant'.

अज्ञतया (ajñatayā) - by ignorance, according to ignorance

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ajñatā

ajñatā - ignorance, lack of knowledge

From ajña (ignorant) + tā (suffix for noun formation)

Note: Expresses means or manner.

देयः (deyaḥ) - to be given, should be given

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deya

deya - to be given, proper to be given

Gerundive (karmaṇi prayoga)

From root dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'uttaraḥ' implicitly.

ज्ञस्य (jñasya) - to the knower, of the knower

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jña

jña - knowing, wise, knower

From root jñā (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Used as dative for 'to the knower'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Marks a contrast.

ज्ञतया (jñatayā) - by knowledge, according to knowledge

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jñatā

jñatā - knowledge, understanding

From jña (knowing) + tā (suffix for noun formation)

Note: Expresses means or manner.

उत्तरः (uttaraḥ) - answer, reply

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttara

uttara - answer, reply

From ut + root tṛ (to cross)

Prefix: ut

Root: tṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the answer.

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