योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-29, verse-30

किमर्थं भगवंस्तूष्णीं भवानहमिव स्थितः ।
न सोऽस्ति जगतां न्यायः सतां यो नोत्तरक्षमः ॥ ३० ॥

kimarthaṃ bhagavaṃstūṣṇīṃ bhavānahamiva sthitaḥ ,
na so'sti jagatāṃ nyāyaḥ satāṃ yo nottarakṣamaḥ 30

30. kimartham bhagavan tūṣṇīm bhavān aham iva sthitaḥ na
saḥ asti jagatām nyāyaḥ satām yaḥ na uttarakṣamaḥ

30. bhagavan kimartham bhavān aham iva tūṣṇīm sthitaḥ? jagatām satām yaḥ na uttarakṣamaḥ saḥ nyāyaḥ na asti.

30. Why, O Lord, do you remain silent like me? There is no principle of natural law (dharma) among beings that cannot be answered for the virtuous.

Words meanings summery:

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O venerable one

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

• भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, remaining, situated

• न (na) - not, no

• सः (saḥ) - that, he

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• जगताम् (jagatām) - of beings, of the worlds

• न्यायः (nyāyaḥ) - principle of natural law (dharma) (justice, rule, principle)

• सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• न (na) - not, no

• उत्तरक्षमः (uttarakṣamaḥ) - capable of an answer, deserving an answer

Words meanings and morphology

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose, why

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artham (purpose)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+artham)

• kim – what, who, which
  pronoun
• artham – purpose, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O Lord, O venerable one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - divine, glorious, venerable, Lord

Possessive adjective from bhaga (fortune, glory)

Root: bhaj (class 1)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, in silence

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form

भवान् (bhavān) - you (honorific)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific), being, existing

Present Active Participle

From root bhū (to be, exist)

Root: bhū (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular pronoun

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison

स्थितः (sthitaḥ) - standing, remaining, situated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, remaining, existing

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand)

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'bhavān'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

सः (saḥ) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'nyāyaḥ'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Root: as (class 2)

जगताम् (jagatām) - of beings, of the worlds

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of jagat

jagat - world, universe, beings

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) with reduplication

Root: gam (class 1)

न्यायः (nyāyaḥ) - principle of natural law (dharma) (justice, rule, principle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nyāya

nyāya - rule, method, system, justice, natural law (dharma)

From ni + root i (to go)

Prefix: ni

Root: i (class 2)

सताम् (satām) - of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - existing, good, virtuous

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'jagatām' or more generally 'for the virtuous'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun

Note: Refers to 'nyāyaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

उत्तरक्षमः (uttarakṣamaḥ) - capable of an answer, deserving an answer

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttarakṣama

uttarakṣama - capable of an answer, able to answer

Compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (uttara+kṣama)

• uttara – answer, reply, upper, later
  noun (neuter)
• kṣama – capable, able, fit, patient
  adjective (masculine)
  From root kṣam (to be patient, endure)
  Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nyāyaḥ'.

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