योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-39

यदुदारतमं वेत्सि यस्मिन् ज्ञाते न शोच्यते ।
भवामि निर्वृतो येन तद्ब्रह्मोपदिशाशु मे ॥ ३९ ॥

yadudāratamaṃ vetsi yasmin jñāte na śocyate ,
bhavāmi nirvṛto yena tadbrahmopadiśāśu me 39

39. yat udāratamam vetsi yasmin jñāte na śocyate
bhavāmi nirvṛtaḥ yena tat brahma upadiśa āśu me

39. yat udāratamam vetsi,
yasmin jñāte na śocyate,
yena nirvṛtaḥ bhavāmi,
tat brahma me āśu upadiśa.

39. Please teach me quickly about that Brahman (brahman) which you consider the most excellent, by knowing which one does not grieve, and by which I attain bliss.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - that which, which, what

• उदारतमम् (udāratamam) - the most excellent, the noblest, the most generous

• वेत्सि (vetsi) - you know, you understand

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom, on which

• ज्ञाते (jñāte) - having been known, when known

• न (na) - not, no

• शोच्यते (śocyate) - one grieves, one laments, is grieved

• भवामि (bhavāmi) - I become, I am, I exist

• निर्वृतः (nirvṛtaḥ) - blissful, content, tranquil

• येन (yena) - by which, by whom

• तत् (tat) - that

• ब्रह्म (brahma) - the ultimate reality, the absolute truth (brahman) (the Absolute, Brahman)

• उपदिश (upadiśa) - teach, instruct, advise

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• मे (me) - to me, for me, my

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - that which, which, what

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

Note: Can be nominative or accusative singular neuter of 'yad'.

उदारतमम् (udāratamam) - the most excellent, the noblest, the most generous

(adjective)

neuter, singular of udāratama

udāratama - most excellent, most noble, most generous (superlative of udāra)

Superlative suffix -tama

वेत्सि (vetsi) - you know, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Present active indicative

Root 'vid', 2nd class (adadi) or 6th class (tudadi) or 7th class (rudhadi) or 10th class (curadi). Here, 2nd class, 'vetti' series.

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: From root 'vid', 2nd class, parasmaipada.

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in which, in whom, on which

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

Note: Can refer to masculine or neuter singular locative.

ज्ञाते (jñāte) - having been known, when known

(adjective)

Locative, singular of jñāta

jñāta - known, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix -kta (ta).

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Locative singular, masculine or neuter, agreeing with 'yasmin' or implicitly referring to a concept.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शोच्यते (śocyate) - one grieves, one laments, is grieved

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of śuc

Present passive indicative

Root 'śuc', 1st class, Ātmanepada, passive voice.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Impersonal passive, meaning 'it is grieved' or 'one grieves'.

भवामि (bhavāmi) - I become, I am, I exist

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of bhū

Present active indicative

Root 'bhū', 1st class, Parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

निर्वृतः (nirvṛtaḥ) - blissful, content, tranquil

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirvṛta

nirvṛta - blissful, content, tranquil, liberated

Past Passive Participle (derived meaning)

From 'nir' (out, away) + root 'vṛt' (to turn, to exist). Literally 'turned away from, ceased' hence 'at peace'.

Prefix: nis

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject 'aham'.

येन (yena) - by which, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

Note: Refers to 'brahma' or the knowledge of 'brahma'.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Accusative singular neuter, object of 'upadiśa'.

ब्रह्म (brahma) - the ultimate reality, the absolute truth (brahman) (the Absolute, Brahman)

(noun)

neuter, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahman, the Absolute, ultimate reality, sacred word

Note: Accusative singular, object of 'upadiśa'.

उपदिश (upadiśa) - teach, instruct, advise

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of upadiś

Imperative active

From 'upa' (towards, near) + root 'diś' (to point, to show).

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

मे (me) - to me, for me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, we, us, our

Note: Enclitic form for dative ('to me').