योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-11

सुखं पुनः पुनर्दुःखं पुनर्मरणजन्मनी ।
भवतस्तेन तप्येऽहं तत्त्वज्ञ वनवीथिषु ॥ ११ ॥

sukhaṃ punaḥ punarduḥkhaṃ punarmaraṇajanmanī ,
bhavatastena tapye'haṃ tattvajña vanavīthiṣu 11

11. sukham punaḥ punaḥ duḥkham punaḥ maraṇajanmanī
bhavataḥ tena tapye aham tattvajña vanavīthiṣu

11. tattvajña vanavīthiṣu punaḥ sukham punaḥ punaḥ
duḥkham punaḥ maraṇajanmanī bhavataḥ tena aham tapye

11. O knower of truth (tattvajña), happiness, then sorrow again and again, and then birth and death repeatedly — these things constantly occur. Therefore, I suffer deeply in the forest paths.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

• मरणजन्मनी (maraṇajanmanī) - birth and death (birth and death, births and deaths)

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they occur (they occur, they are, they become)

• तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore, with that)

• तप्ये (tapye) - I suffer (I suffer, I am afflicted, I do penance)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• तत्त्वज्ञ (tattvajña) - O knower of truth (tattvajña) (O knower of truth, O one who knows reality)

• वनवीथिषु (vanavīthiṣu) - in the forest paths (in the forest paths, among the forest roads)

Words meanings and morphology

सुखम् (sukham) - happiness (happiness, joy, comfort)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sukha

sukha - happiness, joy, comfort, pleasure

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter. Here accusative is more likely to function as an object of an implicit 'experience'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow (sorrow, suffering, pain, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, suffering, pain, misery, unhappiness

Note: Can also be nominative singular neuter. Here accusative is more likely.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, repeatedly, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

मरणजन्मनी (maraṇajanmanī) - birth and death (birth and death, births and deaths)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, dual of maraṇajanman

maraṇajanman - birth and death (often dual), cycles of birth and death

Dvandva compound

Compound type : dvandva (maraṇa+janman)

• maraṇa – death, dying
  noun (neuter)
  From root mṛ 'to die' with suffix -ana.
  Root: mṛ (class 1)
• janman – birth, origin, existence
  noun (neuter)
  From root jan 'to be born' with suffix -man.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Acts as the subject of `bhavataḥ`.

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - they occur (they occur, they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present indicative, 3rd person dual.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The ending -taḥ for 3rd dual present active is common in epic/puranic Sanskrit. Could also be ablative/genitive singular of a noun `bhavat`, but `maraṇajanmanī` as subject makes it a verb.

तेन (tena) - therefore (by that, therefore, with that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used idiomatically for 'therefore'.

तप्ये (tapye) - I suffer (I suffer, I am afflicted, I do penance)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of tap

Present indicative, 1st person singular, middle voice (ātmanepada).

Root: tap (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, myself

Note: The gender of 'aham' is determined by the speaker, but the word itself doesn't inherently carry grammatical gender.

तत्त्वज्ञ (tattvajña) - O knower of truth (tattvajña) (O knower of truth, O one who knows reality)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tattvajña

tattvajña - knower of truth, knower of reality, philosopher

Compound. 'tattva' (truth/reality) + 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tattva+jña)

• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root jñā 'to know'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

वनवीथिषु (vanavīthiṣu) - in the forest paths (in the forest paths, among the forest roads)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of vanavīthi

vanavīthi - forest path, forest road, alley in a forest

Compound. 'vana' (forest) + 'vīthi' (path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vīthi)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vīthi – path, road, street, row
  noun (feminine)