योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-87, verse-30

कोऽहं कथमिदं जातं कथं शाम्यति चेति भोः ।
राजन्नावेक्षसे कस्मात्किमज्ञ इव तिष्ठसि ॥ ३० ॥

ko'haṃ kathamidaṃ jātaṃ kathaṃ śāmyati ceti bhoḥ ,
rājannāvekṣase kasmātkimajña iva tiṣṭhasi 30

30. kaḥ aham katham idam jātam katham śāmyati ca iti
bhoḥ rājan na āvekṣase kasmāt kim ajñaḥ iva tiṣṭhasi

30. bhoḥ rājan kaḥ aham idam katham jātam ca katham
śāmyati iti kasmāt na āvekṣase kim ajñaḥ iva tiṣṭhasi

30. O King (rājan)! Why do you not investigate these questions: "Who am I? How did this world come into being? And how will it subside?" Why do you remain as if ignorant?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, what

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• इदम् (idam) - this

• जातम् (jātam) - born, produced, originated, become

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, becomes calm, ceases

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote or question

• भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (vocative particle of address)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• न (na) - not, no

• आवेक्षसे (āvekṣase) - you observe, you consider, you examine, you regard

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause, for what reason

• किम् (kim) - why, what (interrogative)

• अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, not knowing

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you remain, you exist

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this here

जातम् (jātam) - born, produced, originated, become

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, originated, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root jan (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, becomes calm, ceases

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śam

Root: śam (class 4)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicating a quote or question

(indeclinable)

भोः (bhoḥ) - O! (vocative particle of address)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आवेक्षसे (āvekṣase) - you observe, you consider, you examine, you regard

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of īkṣ

Prefixes: ā+vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what cause, for what reason

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'why'

किम् (kim) - why, what (interrogative)

(indeclinable)

अज्ञः (ajñaḥ) - ignorant, foolish, not knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajña

ajña - ignorant, foolish, unknowing

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+jña)

• a – not, non-, un- (privative prefix)
  indeclinable
• jña – knowing, knower
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root jñā with the suffix -ka
  Root: jñā (class 9)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you remain, you exist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)