योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-15, verse-39

सुखेषु सुखिता नित्यं दुःखिता दुःखवृत्तिषु ।
महात्मानो हि दृश्यन्ते दृश्य एवाप्रबुद्धवत् ॥ ३९ ॥

sukheṣu sukhitā nityaṃ duḥkhitā duḥkhavṛttiṣu ,
mahātmāno hi dṛśyante dṛśya evāprabuddhavat 39

39. sukheṣu sukhitā nityam duḥkhitā duḥkhavṛttiṣu
mahātmānaḥ hi dṛśyante dṛśye eva aprabuddhavat

39. mahātmānaḥ hi sukheṣu nityam sukhitā duḥkhavṛttiṣu
duḥkhitā dṛśye eva aprabuddhavat dṛśyante

39. Great souls (mahātmānaḥ) are always seen to be joyful in pleasant circumstances and sorrowful in painful situations, appearing in the visible world just like the unenlightened.

Words meanings summery:

• सुखेषु (sukheṣu) - in pleasant circumstances (in joys, in happiness, in pleasant circumstances)

• सुखिता (sukhitā) - joyful, happy

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - sorrowful, suffering

• दुःखवृत्तिषु (duḥkhavṛttiṣu) - in painful situations (in sorrowful situations, in circumstances of suffering)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls (mahātmānaḥ) (great souls, noble-minded persons)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

• दृश्ये (dṛśye) - in the visible world (in the visible world, in the realm of appearance)

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, precisely

• अप्रबुद्धवत् (aprabuddhavat) - like the unenlightened, as if unawakened

Words meanings and morphology

सुखेषु (sukheṣu) - in pleasant circumstances (in joys, in happiness, in pleasant circumstances)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - joy, happiness, pleasure, comfort

सुखिता (sukhitā) - joyful, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sukhita

sukhita - made happy, rejoiced, comfortable, joyful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from sukha (noun) with suffix -ita (denominative formation).

Note: Agrees with mahātmānaḥ (understood).

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - sorrowful, suffering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - pained, distressed, sorrowful, unhappy

Past Passive Participle

Derived from duḥkha (noun) with suffix -ita (denominative formation).

Note: Agrees with mahātmānaḥ (understood).

दुःखवृत्तिषु (duḥkhavṛttiṣu) - in painful situations (in sorrowful situations, in circumstances of suffering)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of duḥkhavṛtti

duḥkhavṛtti - course of suffering, sorrowful situation, painful state

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+vṛtti)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain
  noun (neuter)
• vṛtti – course, conduct, state, situation, livelihood
  noun (feminine)
  From root vṛt (to turn, exist).
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great souls (mahātmānaḥ) (great souls, noble-minded persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble-minded, a great soul

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of mahant.
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'dṛśyante'.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing emphasis or cause.

दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - they are seen, they appear

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

Present Indicative Passive

From root dṛś, passive form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दृश्ये (dṛśye) - in the visible world (in the visible world, in the realm of appearance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dṛśya

dṛśya - visible, perceptible, an object of sight, the visible world

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root dṛś, meaning 'to be seen'. Used substantively as 'the visible world'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, precisely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

अप्रबुद्धवत् (aprabuddhavat) - like the unenlightened, as if unawakened

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding the suffix -vat (like, as) to aprabuddha.

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+prabuddha)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• prabuddha – awakened, enlightened, aware
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root budh with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Adverbial use.

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