योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-99, verse-41

अपश्यन्काष्ठरन्ध्रस्थवृषणाक्रमणं यथा ।
कीलोत्पाटी कपिर्दुःखमेतीदं हि तथा मनः ॥ ४१ ॥

apaśyankāṣṭharandhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇaṃ yathā ,
kīlotpāṭī kapirduḥkhametīdaṃ hi tathā manaḥ 41

41. apaśyan kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇam yathā
kīlotpāṭī kapiḥ duḥkham eti idam hi tathā manaḥ

41. yathā kapiḥ kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇam
apaśyan kīlotpāṭī duḥkham eti tathā hi idam manaḥ

41. Just as a monkey, unaware of the danger, extracts a wedge from a log and consequently suffers the crushing of its testicles, so too does this mind similarly invite suffering.

Words meanings summery:

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - unaware (of the danger) (not seeing, not perceiving, unaware)

• काष्ठरञ्ध्रस्थवृषणाक्रमणम् (kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇam) - the crushing of its testicles when situated in a hole in a log (the act of trampling or crushing the testicles when in a wood-hole)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

• कीलोत्पाटी (kīlotpāṭī) - one who pulls out a wedge (one who extracts a wedge/pin)

• कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow, misery)

• एति (eti) - attains, invites (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

• इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly, in that way)

• मनः (manaḥ) - mind (mind, intellect, heart, consciousness)

Words meanings and morphology

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - unaware (of the danger) (not seeing, not perceiving, unaware)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, unobservant, unaware

Present Active Participle

From verb root √dṛś (to see), with upasarga 'a-' (not), in present active participle form.

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Participle functioning as an adjective for 'kapiḥ'.

काष्ठरञ्ध्रस्थवृषणाक्रमणम् (kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇam) - the crushing of its testicles when situated in a hole in a log (the act of trampling or crushing the testicles when in a wood-hole)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇa

kāṣṭharañdhrasthavṛṣaṇākramaṇa - the trampling/crushing of testicles (vṛṣaṇa) of one situated (stha) in a hole (randhra) in wood (kāṣṭha)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāṣṭha+randhra+stha+vṛṣaṇa+ākramaṇa)

• kāṣṭha – wood, piece of wood, log
  noun (neuter)
• randhra – hole, aperture, cavity
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Root √sthā + ka suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)
• vṛṣaṇa – testicle, scrotum
  noun (masculine)
• ākramaṇa – assault, attack, trampling, seizing, overpowering
  noun (neuter)
  Nominalization of verb
  From verb root √kram with upasarga 'ā-', nominalized with suffix -ana.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Object of implied action 'observing' or 'experiencing'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a comparison.

कीलोत्पाटी (kīlotpāṭī) - one who pulls out a wedge (one who extracts a wedge/pin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kīlotpāṭin

kīlotpāṭin - one who pulls out a peg/wedge

From 'kīla' (wedge) and 'utpāṭin' (one who pulls out).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kīla+utpāṭin)

• kīla – wedge, peg, pin
  noun (masculine)
• utpāṭin – one who extracts, one who uproots, pulling out
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root √paṭ (to burst, split) with upasargas 'ud' (up) + 'ā' (to) forming 'utpāṭayati' (to pull out), then agent suffix '-in'.
  Prefixes: ud+ā
  Root: paṭ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence (the monkey who pulls).

कपिः (kapiḥ) - monkey

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey

Note: Subject.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, sorrow, misery)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

Note: Object of the verb 'eti'.

एति (eti) - attains, invites (goes, comes, attains, reaches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of i

Present Active Indicative

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Verb for 'kapiḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject complement with 'manaḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, because, for)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Adds emphasis.

तथा (tathā) - similarly (so, thus, similarly, in that way)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to 'yathā'.

Note: Correlative adverb.

मनः (manaḥ) - mind (mind, intellect, heart, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, understanding, conscience

s-stem neuter noun.

Root: man

Note: Subject.