योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-99, verse-40

यथानर्थमवाप्नोति तथा क्रीडति चञ्चलम् ।
भाविदुःखमपश्यन्स्वं दुर्लीलाभिरिवार्भकः ॥ ४० ॥

yathānarthamavāpnoti tathā krīḍati cañcalam ,
bhāviduḥkhamapaśyansvaṃ durlīlābhirivārbhakaḥ 40

40. yathā anartham avāpnoti tathā krīḍati cañcalam
bhāvi-duḥkham apaśyan svam dur-līlābhiḥ iva arbhakaḥ

40. yathā arbhakaḥ svam bhāvi-duḥkham apaśyan dur-līlābhiḥ iva krīḍati,
tathā cañcalam (manaḥ) anartham avāpnoti.

40. Just as a child (arbhaka), not foreseeing its own future suffering (duḥkha), plays with mischievous games (dur-līlā), so too the fickle (mind) acts, and thus experiences misfortune (anartha).

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - introduces a simile (just as, as)

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, useless thing

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - experiences, brings upon itself (he/she/it obtains, reaches, attains)

• तथा (tathā) - introduces the main clause of comparison (so, thus, in that manner)

• क्रीडति (krīḍati) - acts (playfully, without forethought) (he/she/it plays, sports, amuses itself)

• चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - the fickle (mind) (restless, fickle, trembling)

• भावि-दुःखम् (bhāvi-duḥkham) - future suffering

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - oblivious to, not foreseeing (not seeing, without seeing)

• स्वम् (svam) - its own (one's own, self)

• दुर्-लीलाभिः (dur-līlābhiḥ) - with mischievous/bad games

• इव (iva) - introduces the simile (like, as, as if)

• अर्भकः (arbhakaḥ) - child, infant, boy

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - introduces a simile (just as, as)

(indeclinable)

अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, evil, useless thing

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, uselessness

Compound 'na-artha' (absence of good)

Note: Object of 'avāpnoti'

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - experiences, brings upon itself (he/she/it obtains, reaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of avāp

Present Active

From root 'āp' (to obtain) with prefix 'ava-'

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Verb for 'cañcalam' (implied 'manaḥ')

तथा (tathā) - introduces the main clause of comparison (so, thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

क्रीडति (krīḍati) - acts (playfully, without forethought) (he/she/it plays, sports, amuses itself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of krīḍ

Present Active

From root 'krīḍ' (class 1)

Root: krīḍ (class 1)

Note: Verb for 'arbhakaḥ' and also for 'cañcalam' (implied 'manaḥ')

चञ्चलम् (cañcalam) - the fickle (mind) (restless, fickle, trembling)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cañcala

cañcala - restless, fickle, trembling, unsteady, wavering

From root 'cal' (to move)

Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'manaḥ'

भावि-दुःखम् (bhāvi-duḥkham) - future suffering

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāvi-duḥkha

bhāvi-duḥkha - future suffering, impending pain or misery

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'bhāvi' (future) and 'duḥkha' (suffering)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (bhāvi+duḥkha)

• bhāvin – future, about to be, impending
  adjective
  Future Active Participle
  Derived from root 'bhū' (to be) with suffix 'ṇvin'
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• duḥkha – suffering, sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'apaśyan'

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - oblivious to, not foreseeing (not seeing, without seeing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apaśyat

apaśyat - not seeing, without perceiving, ignorant of

Present Active Participle

Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see) with prefix 'a-' (negative); 'paśya' is the present stem

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'arbhakaḥ'

स्वम् (svam) - its own (one's own, self)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self, own property

Note: Agrees with 'bhāvi-duḥkham'

दुर्-लीलाभिः (dur-līlābhiḥ) - with mischievous/bad games

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of dur-līlā

dur-līlā - mischievous play, bad game, improper sport

Tatpuruṣa compound of 'dur' (bad) and 'līlā' (play)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dur+līlā)

• dus – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'bad', 'difficult'
• līlā – play, sport, amusement, pastime
  noun (feminine)
  Root: līl (class 1)

Note: Instrument for 'krīḍati'

इव (iva) - introduces the simile (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अर्भकः (arbhakaḥ) - child, infant, boy

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arbhaka

arbhaka - child, infant, boy, young one

Note: Subject of the simile (plays 'krīḍati')