योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-78, verse-5

राजोवाच ।
भो भो भूतक किं स्यास्त्वं क्व तिष्ठसि च देहकम् ।
दर्शयास्यास्तव गिरः को बिभेत्यलिनीध्वनेः ॥ ५ ॥

rājovāca ,
bho bho bhūtaka kiṃ syāstvaṃ kva tiṣṭhasi ca dehakam ,
darśayāsyāstava giraḥ ko bibhetyalinīdhvaneḥ 5

5. rājā uvāca bho bho bhūtaka kim syāḥ tvam kva tiṣṭhasi ca
dehakam darśaya asyāḥ tava giraḥ kaḥ bibheti alinīdhvaneḥ

5. rājā uvāca: bho bho bhūtaka,
tvam kim syāḥ? kva tiṣṭhasi ca dehakam darśaya! asyāḥ tava giraḥ alinīdhvaneḥ kaḥ bibheti?

5. The King said: "Oh, you creature! What are you? And where do you stand? Show your wretched body! Who is afraid of this speech of yours, which sounds like the humming of bees?"

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - The king, speaker of the following lines. (king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Stated by the King. (said, spoke)

• भो (bho) - Expressing a call or address. (O! Hey!)

• भो (bho) - Expressing a call or address. (O! Hey!)

• भूतक (bhūtaka) - Contemptuous address to the previous speaker. (O creature! O ghost! (vocative singular masculine))

• किम् (kim) - Interrogative about the nature of the addressed entity. (what?)

• स्याः (syāḥ) - What you might possibly be. (you might be, you should be)

• त्वम् (tvam) - Referring to the speaker (King's perspective, singular). (you)

• क्व (kva) - Questioning the location of the addressed entity. (where?)

• तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - Questioning where the entity is located. (you stand, you remain)

• च (ca) - Connecting the two questions. (and, also)

• देहकम् (dehakam) - The object to be shown, implying contempt. (little body, contemptible body)

• दर्शय (darśaya) - A command from the King. (show (imperative singular active))

• अस्याः (asyāḥ) - Referring to 'speech'. (of this, from this (feminine singular))

• तव (tava) - Referring to the speech of the addressed entity. (your, of you)

• गिरः (giraḥ) - The source of the sound being dismissed by the King. (of speech, from speech (feminine singular))

• कः (kaḥ) - Interrogative for the subject of 'is afraid'. (who?)

• बिभेति (bibheti) - The King asserts no one is afraid. (is afraid)

• अलिनीध्वनेः (alinīdhvaneḥ) - Compared to the insignificant buzzing of bees. (of the humming of bees, from the humming of bees)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - The king, speaker of the following lines. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - Stated by the King. (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular active, from root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

भो (bho) - Expressing a call or address. (O! Hey!)

(indeclinable)

भो (bho) - Expressing a call or address. (O! Hey!)

(indeclinable)

भूतक (bhūtaka) - Contemptuous address to the previous speaker. (O creature! O ghost! (vocative singular masculine))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhūtaka

bhūtaka - a creature, an animal; a ghost, spirit (often diminutive or contemptuous)

Diminutive of 'bhūta'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

किम् (kim) - Interrogative about the nature of the addressed entity. (what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

स्याः (syāḥ) - What you might possibly be. (you might be, you should be)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Optative Active

Optative mood, 2nd person singular active, from root 'as' (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

त्वम् (tvam) - Referring to the speaker (King's perspective, singular). (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Nominative singular of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

क्व (kva) - Questioning the location of the addressed entity. (where?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb of place.

तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - Questioning where the entity is located. (you stand, you remain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of sthā

Present Active

Present tense, 2nd person singular active, from root 'sthā' (class 1).

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - Connecting the two questions. (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

देहकम् (dehakam) - The object to be shown, implying contempt. (little body, contemptible body)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dehaka

dehaka - body (often diminutive or contemptuous)

Diminutive of 'deha'.

Root: dih (class 6)

Note: Object of 'darśaya'.

दर्शय (darśaya) - A command from the King. (show (imperative singular active))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of dṛś

Causative Imperative Active

Causative stem 'darśaya' from root 'dṛś', imperative mood, 2nd person singular active.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अस्याः (asyāḥ) - Referring to 'speech'. (of this, from this (feminine singular))

(pronoun)

feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Ablative/genitive singular feminine form of the demonstrative pronoun 'idam'.

Note: Agrees with 'giraḥ'.

तव (tava) - Referring to the speech of the addressed entity. (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular form of the second person pronoun 'yuṣmad'.

Note: Agrees with 'giraḥ'.

गिरः (giraḥ) - The source of the sound being dismissed by the King. (of speech, from speech (feminine singular))

(noun)

feminine, singular of gīr

gīr - speech, voice, word

From root 'gṛ' (to call, proclaim).

Root: gṛ (class 6)

Note: Source of fear (ablative) or possession (genitive).

कः (kaḥ) - Interrogative for the subject of 'is afraid'. (who?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Nominative singular masculine form of the interrogative pronoun 'kim'.

बिभेति (bibheti) - The King asserts no one is afraid. (is afraid)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhī

Present Active

Present tense, 3rd person singular active, from root 'bhī' (class 3).

Root: bhī (class 3)

अलिनीध्वनेः (alinīdhvaneḥ) - Compared to the insignificant buzzing of bees. (of the humming of bees, from the humming of bees)

(noun)

masculine, singular of alinīdhvani

alinīdhvani - humming sound of bees

Compound of 'alinī' (female bee) and 'dhvani' (sound).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (alinī+dhvani)

• alinī – female bee
  noun (feminine)
  Feminine form of 'alin' (bee).
  Root: ali
• dhvani – sound, noise, tone
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhvan' (to sound).
  Root: dhvan (class 1)

Note: Ablative case as the object of fear for 'bibheti'.