योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-3, chapter-78, verse-39

राजा चादौ विवेकेन योजनीयः सुमन्त्रिणा ।
तेनार्यतामुपायाति यथा राजा तथा प्रजाः ॥ ३९ ॥

rājā cādau vivekena yojanīyaḥ sumantriṇā ,
tenāryatāmupāyāti yathā rājā tathā prajāḥ 39

39. rājā ca ādau vivekena yojanīyaḥ sumantriṇā
tena āryatām upāyāti yathā rājā tathā prajāḥ

39. sumantriṇā ādau vivekena rājā ca yojanīyaḥ.
tena rājā āryatām upāyāti.
yathā rājā tathā prajāḥ.

39. A good minister should first guide the king with proper discernment. Through such guidance, the king attains nobility. Indeed, as the king is, so are his subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• च (ca) - and, also

• आदौ (ādau) - initially, first, in the beginning

• विवेकेन (vivekena) - by discernment, by discrimination, by proper judgment

• योजनीयः (yojanīyaḥ) - should be engaged, advised, guided

• सुमन्त्रिणा (sumantriṇā) - by a good minister

• तेन (tena) - by that guidance (by that, by him)

• आर्यताम् (āryatām) - nobility, cultured behavior, righteousness

• उपायाति (upāyāti) - attains, approaches, obtains

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• तथा (tathā) - so, likewise

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (of the king) (subjects, people, progeny)

Words meanings and morphology

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

आदौ (ādau) - initially, first, in the beginning

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ādi

ādi - beginning, commencement, first

विवेकेन (vivekena) - by discernment, by discrimination, by proper judgment

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viveka

viveka - discernment, discrimination, judgment, distinction

Root: vic (class 7)

योजनीयः (yojanīyaḥ) - should be engaged, advised, guided

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yojanīya

yojanīya - to be joined, to be applied, to be engaged, to be advised

Gerundive

Derived from root yuj with suffix -anīya

Root: yuj (class 7)

सुमन्त्रिणा (sumantriṇā) - by a good minister

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sumantrin

sumantrin - a good minister, an able counselor

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (su+mantrin)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• mantrin – minister, counselor
  noun (masculine)
  Root: mantr (class 10)

तेन (tena) - by that guidance (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

आर्यताम् (āryatām) - nobility, cultured behavior, righteousness

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āryatā

āryatā - nobility, excellence, cultured behavior

Derived from ārya + tā (suffix for abstract noun)

उपायाति (upāyāti) - attains, approaches, obtains

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upa-yā

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, just as

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

तथा (tathā) - so, likewise

(indeclinable)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (of the king) (subjects, people, progeny)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - offspring, progeny, subjects, people

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

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