योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-1, verse-29

श्रीशुक उवाच ।
संसाराडम्बरमिदं कथमभ्युत्थितं गुरो ।
कथं प्रशममायाति यथावत्कथयाशु मे ॥ २९ ॥

śrīśuka uvāca ,
saṃsārāḍambaramidaṃ kathamabhyutthitaṃ guro ,
kathaṃ praśamamāyāti yathāvatkathayāśu me 29

29. śrī śuka uvāca saṃsārāḍambaram idam katham abhyutthitam
guro katham praśamam āyāti yathāvat kathaya āśu me

29. guro śrī śuka uvāca idam saṃsārāḍambaram katham
abhyutthitam katham praśamam āyāti yathāvat āśu me kathaya

29. Śrī Śuka said: "O Guru, how did this spectacle of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) arise? How does it come to a complete end? Please explain this to me precisely and quickly."

Words meanings summery:

• श्री (śrī) - an honorific prefix, indicating reverence or auspiciousness (auspicious, glorious, divine, venerable)

• शुक (śuka) - The sage Śuka, son of Vyāsa (Śuka (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• संसाराडम्बरम् (saṁsārāḍambaram) - this spectacle of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) (the spectacle of the mundane existence, the display of the cycle of rebirth)

• इदम् (idam) - this (spectacle) (this)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• अभ्युत्थितम् (abhyutthitam) - arisen, originated, come forth

• गुरो (guro) - addressed to Viśvāmitra (O teacher, O preceptor)

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• प्रशमम् (praśamam) - a complete end (cessation, tranquility, pacification, complete end)

• आयाति (āyāti) - comes to (an end) (comes, approaches, attains)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, precisely, properly, according to the truth

• कथय (kathaya) - Please explain (tell, explain)

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

श्री (śrī) - an honorific prefix, indicating reverence or auspiciousness (auspicious, glorious, divine, venerable)

(indeclinable)

शुक (śuka) - The sage Śuka, son of Vyāsa (Śuka (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuka

śuka - a parrot; the name of a sage, son of Vyāsa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

From root √vac, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, perfect tense. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

संसाराडम्बरम् (saṁsārāḍambaram) - this spectacle of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsāra) (the spectacle of the mundane existence, the display of the cycle of rebirth)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃsārāḍambara

saṁsārāḍambara - the pomp or display of mundane existence/transmigration

Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃsāra+āḍambara)

• saṃsāra – course, passage, circuit, repetition of births, transmigration, the world, mundane existence (saṃsāra)
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from sam-√sṛ (to flow together, to move on)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• āḍambara – swelling, pomp, display, show, bustle, noise, spectacle
  noun (masculine)

इदम् (idam) - this (spectacle) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (proximal demonstrative pronoun)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

अभ्युत्थितम् (abhyutthitam) - arisen, originated, come forth

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of abhyutthita

abhyutthita - risen up, emerged, come forth, originated

Past Passive Participle

From abhi-ud-√sthā (to stand up, rise), in neuter nominative singular.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicate adjective.

गुरो (guro) - addressed to Viśvāmitra (O teacher, O preceptor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru), heavy, important

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

प्रशमम् (praśamam) - a complete end (cessation, tranquility, pacification, complete end)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praśama

praśama - calm, tranquility, cessation, appeasement, quiet

From pra-√śam (to be quiet, to cease)

Prefix: pra

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Functions as the object of āyāti.

आयाति (āyāti) - comes to (an end) (comes, approaches, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āyā

Present Active

From ā-√yā (to go), 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, present tense.

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

यथावत् (yathāvat) - exactly, precisely, properly, according to the truth

(indeclinable)

कथय (kathaya) - Please explain (tell, explain)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of kath

Imperative Active

From √kath (10th class derivative of √kṛt, to enumerate), 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada, imperative mood.

Root: kath (class 10)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego

Note: Can be dative or genitive. Here functions as dative, 'to me'.