योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-2, chapter-1, verse-10

तेनासौ स्वविवेकेन स्वयमेव महामनाः ।
प्रविचार्य चिरं चारु यत्सत्यं तदवाप्तवान् ॥ १० ॥

tenāsau svavivekena svayameva mahāmanāḥ ,
pravicārya ciraṃ cāru yatsatyaṃ tadavāptavān 10

10. tena asau svavivekena svayam eva mahāmanāḥ
pravicārya ciram cāru yat satyam tat avāptavān

10. tena asau mahāmanāḥ svavivekena svayam eva
ciram cāru yat satyam pravicārya tat avāptavān

10. Therefore, that great-souled individual, by his own discernment (viveka), after deeply contemplating for a long time that which is truly excellent (satya), himself attained it.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by him, by that

• असौ (asau) - he, that one

• स्वविवेकेन (svavivekena) - by his own discernment (viveka)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-souled, noble-minded

• प्रविचार्य (pravicārya) - having deeply reflected, having thoroughly considered

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

• चारु (cāru) - beautiful, excellent, true, delightful

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, the real, the true

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - he obtained, he achieved

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by him, by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Introduces the consequence or means.

असौ (asau) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, this, he, she, it (often indicating something distant or specific)

Note: Subject of the sentence, referring to the same person.

स्वविवेकेन (svavivekena) - by his own discernment (viveka)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svaviveka

svaviveka - self-discernment, own discrimination

Compound of sva and viveka.

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+viveka)

• sva – own, self
  pronoun/adjective (masculine)
• viveka – discrimination, discernment, distinction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √vic (to distinguish) with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: √vic (class 7)

Note: Indicates the means by which he attained truth.

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself, personally

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

महामनाः (mahāmanāḥ) - great-souled, noble-minded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāmanas

mahāmanas - great-souled, noble-minded, magnanimous

Compound of mahā and manas.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+manas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• manas – mind, intellect, soul, spirit
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √man (to think).
  Root: √man (class 4)

प्रविचार्य (pravicārya) - having deeply reflected, having thoroughly considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root √car with prefixes pra and vi, causative stem cārayati, then absolutive suffix ya.

Prefixes: pra+vi

Root: √car (class 1)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time, long

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies pravicārya.

चारु (cāru) - beautiful, excellent, true, delightful

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāru

cāru - beautiful, lovely, agreeable, excellent, true

Note: Agrees with satyam.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause.

सत्यम् (satyam) - truth, reality, the real, the true

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of satya

satya - truth, reality, real, true, honest

From sat (being, existing, real).

Note: Object of deep reflection.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the verb avāptavān.

अवाप्तवान् (avāptavān) - he obtained, he achieved

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avāptavat

avāptavat - one who obtained, achieved

Past Active Participle

Formed from root √āp with prefix ava, past passive participle āpta, then suffix vat (kvatu).

Prefix: ava

Root: √āp (class 5)

Note: The participle kvatu is used here like a verb.

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