वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-27, verse-42

तं दृष्ट्वा निहतं संख्ये राक्षसास्ते समन्ततः ।
दुद्रुवुः सहिताः सर्वे क्रोशमाना महास्वनम् ॥४२॥

42. taṃ dṛṣṭvā nihataṃ saṃkhye rākṣasāste samantataḥ ,
dudruvuḥ sahitāḥ sarve krośamānā mahāsvanam.

42. tam dṛṣṭvā nihatam saṃkhye rākṣasāḥ te samantataḥ
dudruvuḥ sahitāḥ sarve krośamānāḥ mahāsvanam

42. Seeing him slain in battle, all those demons together fled from all sides, crying out with a great sound.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the slain leader) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (him) (having seen, seeing)

• निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (in battle) (slain, killed)

• संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons)

• ते (te) - those (demons) (those, they)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around)

• दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled (in fear) (they fled)

• सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - all together (accompanied, together with, united)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

• क्रोशमानाः (krośamānāḥ) - crying out (in distress) (crying, yelling, lamenting)

• महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound (with a great sound, loudly)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the slain leader) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (him) (having seen, seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

निहतम् (nihatam) - slain (in battle) (slain, killed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - slain, killed, struck down

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

संख्ये (saṁkhye) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saṃkhya

saṁkhya - battle, war, fight

राक्षसाः (rākṣasāḥ) - the demons (demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - demon, ogress, belonging to rākṣasas

ते (te) - those (demons) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides (from all sides, all around)

(indeclinable)

दुद्रुवुः (dudruvuḥ) - they fled (in fear) (they fled)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of dru

Perfect Active Indicative

third plural, from root dru

Root: dru (class 1)

सहिताः (sahitāḥ) - all together (accompanied, together with, united)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahita

sahita - accompanied, together, united

Past Passive Participle

from root dhā (to place) with prefix sa- + hi (to join)

Prefix: sa

Root: dhā/hi

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, whole, every

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

क्रोशमानाः (krośamānāḥ) - crying out (in distress) (crying, yelling, lamenting)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of krośamāna

krośamāna - crying, shouting, lamenting

Present Middle Participle

from root kruś (to cry, shout)

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasāḥ'.

महास्वनम् (mahāsvanam) - with a great sound (with a great sound, loudly)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāsvana

mahāsvana - a great sound, loud noise

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+svana)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

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